C-Enrichment experiment set up: addition of organic matter on Tropical Agricultural Soil (Ferrasol) (Malte Unger)

Enrichment of Tropical Agricultural Soil with Organic Matter (巴西)

Enriquecimento de solo de lavoura com matéria orgânica

描述

Enrichment of tropical agicultural soils with local available organic matter in the cerrado agroscape, Brazil.

Aims / objectives: Use local available organic matter (OM) to enrich Tropical agricultural soil (Ferrasol) as a strategy for sustainanle land use to improve efficiently soil fertility and/or crop production in the Brazilian Cerrado agroscape. The applied OMs are either cost-efficient or waste materials from nearby industrial suppliers.

Methods: We applied three different types of OM amendments. They include (a) Filter cake of sugarcane residues (Saccharum officinarum from alcohol/sugar-production, (b) sawdust of Peroba and Cedrinho (Peroba jaune and Erisma uncinatum, respectively) and (c) coarse chips of Eucalyptus sp.

We added 0 (control), 6, 12 and 18 tons of each amendment per hectare; using two disposition methods: direct on the soil and with harrow incorporation. Each treatment was done in triplicate. Subsequent to the first amendment application; there have not been further experimental OM additions. The experimental site was not fenced to allow the land user to continue with their arable field routines on all treatment plots.

By sampling soil and biomass, we have assessed the effect of OM addition on soil organic carbon, nutrients, water holding capacity and crop (soy and corn biomass and grain) production, after one, two and three years of a single application.

Stages of implementation: The experiment was set up in February 2012. The last soil and biomass sampling was carried out in February-March 2015.

Role of stakeholders: Mr. Antonio Huebner, owner of the Farm Rio Engano, provided us an experimetal area in his farm.
The local industies supplied the applied OM amendments.
Professors and researchers from the Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel (CAU Kiel), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT) and François Rabelais University have given academic and scientifical support to the approach.

Other important information: From our outcomes, we intend to provide information for the development of soil C-enrichment schemes and carbon-friendly landscape management programs for land users, applying local resources in the Brazilian Cerrado.

地点

地点: Campo Verde, Mato Grosso, 巴西

选定地点的地理参考
  • 不适用

启动日期: 2011

终止年份: 2016

方法的类型
C-Enrichment experiment set up: addition of organic matter on Tropical Agricultural Soil (Ferrasol) (Malte Unger (unger_malte@web.de))

方法目标和有利环境

该方法的主要目的/目标
The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (crop production)

We aim to identify a feasible combination of types, amounts and disposition methods of OM amendments to improve efficiently soil fertility, carbon stock and/or crop production in the Brazilian Cerrado agroscape.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Croplands have shown a reduction of organic matter, due to some traditional agricultural practices, such as soil plowing and tillage. These practices break down soil aggregates and expose organic matter to microbial decomposition, causing its loss to the atmosphere by mineralization (Zech et al. 1997; Tivet et al. 2013). It is especially critical in soil (Ferrasol) from the Brazilian Cerrado, as its OM content is relatively low, and tropical temperatures and humidity accelerate microbial activity (Price and Sowers 2004).
推动实施本办法所应用技术的条件
  • 法律框架（土地使用权、土地和水使用权）: The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights greatly helped the approach implementation: Mr Antonio Huebner, land owner and user, grant us an area to implement the approach. In this area we were able to work for more than three years.
阻碍实施本办法所应用技术的条件
  • 了解SLM，获得技术支持: There is not specific machinery for OM addition to soil. With the help of a bulldozer and farm workers, the OM amendments were distributed in the experimental plots. However, it increases the human workload required. Treatment through the SLM Approach: Designing or adapting machinery for this purpose. For fine particulate organic matter, the machinery used for soil liming can be used. For larger particles (wood or bark chips), machinery commonly used for mulch application can be used. However, tests with these machineries and evtl. improvement of the application method is desireable.
  • 工作量、人力资源可用性: Treatment through the SLM Approach:

相关利益相关者的参与和角色

该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责
该方法涉及哪些利益相关者/执行机构？ 指定利益相关者 说明利益相关者的角色
当地土地使用者/当地社区 The farm owner where the soil C-Enrichment was done
SLM专家/农业顾问 SLM specialists from the CAU University of Kiel, Federal University of Mato Grosso and François Rabelais University
国家政府（规划者、决策者）
国际组织 Carbiocial Project
当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段
无
被动
外部支持
互动
自我动员
启动/动机
x
Carbiocial Project
计划
x
Carbiocial Project. Scientific team of the Subproject 06 (SP-06: Experimental C-Enrichment of Tropical Agricultural Soil With Organic Matter) and land owner and user
实施
x
Carbiocial Project (SP-06) and land owner and user
监测/评估
x
Carbiocial Project (SP-06) and land owner and user
Research
x
Carbiocial Project
流程图

Organisation/flow chart of the experimental C-Enrichment of Tropical agricultural soil with organic matter amendments and monitoring (2012-2015) at the Farm Rio Engano, Brazilian Cerrado.

作者：Luisa F. Vega (luisa.vega@gmail.com)
有关SLM技术选择的决策

决策是由......做出的

  • 仅限土地使用者（自主）
  • 主要是土地使用者，由SLM专家提供支持
  • 所有相关参与者，作为参与式方法的一部分
  • 主要是SLM专家，咨询土地使用者之后
  • 仅限SLM专家
  • 政治家和领袖

决策是基于

  • 对充分记录的SLM知识进行评估（基于证据的决策）
  • 研究结果
  • 个人经验和意见（无记录）

技术支持、能力建设和知识管理

以下活动或服务是该方法的一部分
能力建设/培训
向以下利益相关者提供培训
  • 土地使用者
  • 现场工作人员/顾问
培训形式
  • 在职
  • 农民对农民
  • 示范区域
  • 公开会议
  • 课程
涵盖的主题

咨询服务
已提供咨询服务
  • 在土地使用者的土地上
  • 在固定中心
Name of method used for advisory service: Direct communication by visiting the land user; Key elements: Dialogue, Exchange of ideas

Advisory service is very adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; The extension system is very adequate to ensure continuation of activities. The research staff from the Soil and Rural Eng. Department, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Brazil have participated in this approach and plan to continue with research and monitoring activities.
机构强化
机构已强化/建立
  • 否
  • 是，少许
  • 是，适度
  • 是，非常
在下述层面上
  • 本地
  • 区域
  • 国家
描述机构、角色和职责、成员等.
支持类型
  • 财务
  • 能力建设/培训
  • 设备
进一步细节
In the frame of the Carbiocial Project, several students from the UFMT carried out their master or PhD thesis and undergraduate student got practical experience. Particularly, in SP-06 one student got his master degree. Different equipments were also donate to this university.
监测和评估
bio-physical aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff through observations; indicators: Experimental site observation during sampling campaings by Carbiocial bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by project staff through measurements; indicators: Regularly sampling campaings of soil and biomass economic / production aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff through observations; indicators: Ideas exchange with land user economic / production aspects were regular monitored by project staff through measurements; indicators: assessment of grain and biomass crop production There were no changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation There were no changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation
研究
研究涉及以下主题
  • 社会学
  • 经济/市场营销
  • 生态学
  • 技术

A detailed study on the enrichment effects of different organic matter types on soil carbon enrichment was undertaken (laboratory analysis of field samples). Further topics covered include sustainable land management and crop production.

By research staff from the Department of Applied Ecology, Institute for Ecosystem Research, CAU university of Kiel,
Germany; the Soil and Rural Eng. Department, Faculty of Agronomy, Veterinary Medicine, and Zootechnology (FAMEVZ),
Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil and the Interdisciplinary Research Center for Cities, Territories,
Environment and Society (CITERES-CNRS UMR 7324), François Rabelais University, Tours, France.


Research was carried out on-farm

融资和外部物质支持

SLM组成部分的年度预算，以美元计算
  • < 2,000
  • 2,000-10,000
  • 10,000-100,000
  • 100,000-1,000,000
  • > 1,000,000
Precise annual budget: 不适用
Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (Carbiocial Project): 100.0%; private sector (Donation of OM amendments); local community / land user(s) (Granted an experimental area on agricultural soil for at least 3 years)
已向土地使用者提供以下服务或激励
  • 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援
  • 特定投入的补贴
  • 信用
  • 其它激励或手段
为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援
Private sector provided OM amendments for soil enrichment

影响分析和结论性陈述

方法的影响
否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大
该方法是否帮助土地使用者实施和维护SLM技术？

With this approach was demonstrated that soil organic carbon in tropical agricultural soil (Ferrasol) can be enhanced by applying local available organic matter, starting from only 6 ton/ha. Even when the studied soil has been under conservational farming practices, i.e. no-tillage, for more than 20 years.

x
该方法是否有助于社会和经济弱势群体？

x
Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?

x
土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机
方法活动的可持续性
土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施（无外部支持的情况下）？

• OM addition to tropical agricultural soil (Ferrasol) can increase significantly soil organic carbon and water retention, even in small amounts such as 6 ton/ha • Biomass reapplication should be done in 2 years intervals • The biomass type and disposition method did not have a significant effect on increasing soil organic carbon

结论和吸取的教训

长处: 土地使用者的观点
  • The approach improves soil quality and could enhance crop resilience in dryer years.
长处: 编制者或其他关键资源人员的观点
  • As this approach uses industrial biomass residues, we consider it a win-win solution for organic matter waste disposition and to improve soil quality. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: The costs of transport and application can limit the extensive use of soil organic matter enrichment practices among land users in the Brazilian Cerrado. Therefore, subsidies could contribute to the adoption of this approach by a broader number of farmers.)
弱点/缺点/风险: 土地使用者的观点如何克服
  • The costs of OM transport and application Mr. Antonio Huebner, the land owner and user in this approach, has been cultivating with soybean and corn rotation under conservational farming practices, i.e. no-tillage, for more than 20 years. He thinks a possible more economic alternative for this approach is to create soy and corn varieties which have more abundant foliage and the same capacity of grain production. In an approach that combines these varieties and no-tillage, the farmers could continue cultivating in their traditional way, without having to incur in extra costs due to application of OM amendments; however, increasing organic matter inputs to the soil.
弱点/缺点/风险: 编制者或其他关键资源人员的观点如何克服
  • Lack of adequate machinery for OM addition Designing or adapting machinery for this purpose.

参考文献

编制者
  • Luisa F. Vega
Editors
审查者
  • Fabian Ottiger
实施日期: July 28, 2015
上次更新: Aug. 3, 2017
资源人
WOCAT数据库中的完整描述
链接的SLM数据
文件编制者
机构 项目
主要参考文献
  • Price PB, Sowers T (2004) Temperature dependence of metabolic rates for microbial growth, maintenance, and survival. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101:4631–4636:
  • Tivet F, De Moraes Sa JC, Lal R, Briedis C, Borszowskei PR, Bürkner dos Santos J, Farias A, Eurich G, Da Cruz Hartman D, Nadolny Junior M, Bouzinac S, Séguy L (2013) Aggregate C depletion by plowing and its restoration by diverse biomass-C inputs under no-till in sub-tropical and tropical regions of Brazil. Soil and tillage research, 126 :203-218:
  • Zech W, Senesi N, Guggenberger G, Kaiser K, Lehmann J, Miano TM, Miltner A, Schroth G (1997) Factors controlling humific G. ation and Mineralization of soil organic matter in the tropics. Geoderma 79 : 117-161:
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareaAlike 4.0 International