pipe water supply for drinking purpose (尼泊尔)

drinking water through participation of villagers

描述

Aims / objectives: the village always lacked drinking water. People had to waste their extra time and effort to fetch water from rivers. this approach was born of combating the difficulty, thus to provide drinking water supply to their respective houses. This was the main aim of approach.

Methods: firstly, the experts from Bagmati Watershed Project measured. Their method was to observe and calculate directly with field visits. Then, project was completed with help of villagers. The maintenance was done by villagers themselves. The sources of water are lovated at the bank of river Policing in Lalitpur district and one at river Ghatte(Ghatte Khola) of ward number 2.

Stages of implementation: There are several stages of implementation:
stage 1: Expers from Bagmati Watershed Project firstly explore and measure the sources.
stage 2: Along with villagers, experts then planned and agreed upon the technology.
stage 3: Project then build the supply with labor donation from villagers themselves.
stage 4: Training was given to the villagers through meetings
stage 5: Maintenance is done by villagers themselves.

Role of stakeholders: Stakeholders ensured availability of resources, specified resources and their allocation. They were the pillars of success of this project as project went smoothly and successfully.

地点

地点: Kavre, 尼泊尔

选定地点的地理参考
  • 85.4411, 27.48623

启动日期: 1994

终止年份: 2002

方法的类型

方法目标和有利环境

该方法的主要目的/目标
The Approach focused mainly on other activities than SLM (supply of water)

To provide convenient drinking water for all houses

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Lack of proper and convenient drinking water
推动实施本办法所应用技术的条件
  • 法律框架（土地使用权、土地和水使用权）: The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights moderately helped the approach implementation: No issue i.e. everyone approved water pipes passing through their land.
阻碍实施本办法所应用技术的条件
  • 工作量、人力资源可用性: lack of workers for building taps. Treatment through the SLM Approach: participation of villagers carrying gravels for their respective taps.
  • 其他: lack of transport. Road had not reached the village yet. Treatment through the SLM Approach: this problem was solved ny the project itself.

相关利益相关者的参与和角色

该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责
该方法涉及哪些利益相关者/执行机构？ 指定利益相关者 说明利益相关者的角色
当地土地使用者/当地社区 Participatory. There were no extra targets. Not exactly groups but it involved economically disadvantaged individuals/families. Though there were no special involvement or differentiation.
国家政府（规划者、决策者） Group or stakeholders involved. project under government supervision
当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段
无
被动
外部支持
互动
自我动员
启动/动机
计划
实施
监测/评估
Research
流程图

有关SLM技术选择的决策

决策是由......做出的

  • 仅限土地使用者（自主）
  • 主要是土地使用者，由SLM专家提供支持
  • 所有相关参与者，作为参与式方法的一部分
  • 主要是SLM专家，咨询土地使用者之后
  • 仅限SLM专家
  • 政治家和领袖

决策是基于

  • 对充分记录的SLM知识进行评估（基于证据的决策）
  • 研究结果
  • 个人经验和意见（无记录）

技术支持、能力建设和知识管理

以下活动或服务是该方法的一部分
能力建设/培训
向以下利益相关者提供培训
  • 土地使用者
  • 现场工作人员/顾问
培训形式
  • 在职
  • 农民对农民
  • 示范区域
  • 公开会议
  • 课程
涵盖的主题

The main training villagers got was learning by participation.

咨询服务
已提供咨询服务
  • 在土地使用者的土地上
  • 在固定中心
Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; Other projects are also contributing for supply of drinking water through new sources to unreached or insufficient supply areas.
监测和评估
bio-physical aspects were ad hoc monitored by other through measurements technical aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff through observations socio-cultural aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff through observations area treated aspects were monitored by None through measurements There were no changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: no change in approach. There were no changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation
研究
研究涉及以下主题
  • 社会学
  • 经济/市场营销
  • 生态学
  • 技术

by project itself.

融资和外部物质支持

SLM组成部分的年度预算，以美元计算
  • < 2,000
  • 2,000-10,000
  • 10,000-100,000
  • 100,000-1,000,000
  • > 1,000,000
Precise annual budget: 不适用
Approach costs were met by the following donors: government (50,000): 71.45%; local government (district, county, municipality, village etc) (15,000): 21.42%; local community / land user(s) (5,000): 7.13%
已向土地使用者提供以下服务或激励
  • 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援
  • 特定投入的补贴
  • 信用
  • 其它激励或手段
为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援
部分融资
充分融资
Supply pipe

土地使用者的劳动力为

信贷

影响分析和结论性陈述

方法的影响
否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大
该方法是否帮助土地使用者实施和维护SLM技术？

The water could be used for agriculture also for feeding cattle and the effort could be given to other agricultural activity.

该方法是否有助于社会和经济弱势群体？

Socially lacking. Like people blaned to be untouchables. The supply reached to their houses too.

该方法是否改善了阻碍SLM技术实施的土地使用权/用户权问题？

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?

Milche, Saaldhara UDCs are known to adopt similar approach.

土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机
  • 增加生产
  • 增加利润（能力），提高成本效益比
  • 减少土地退化
  • 降低灾害风险
  • 减少工作量
  • 支付/补贴
  • 规章制度（罚款）/执行
  • 声望、社会压力/社会凝聚
  • 加入运动/项目/团体/网络
  • 环境意识
  • 习俗和信仰，道德
  • 提高SLM知识和技能
  • 美学改进
  • 冲突缓解
  • Well-being and livelihoods improvement
方法活动的可持续性
土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施（无外部支持的情况下）？
  • 否
  • 是
  • 不确定

结论和吸取的教训

长处: 土地使用者的观点
  • The approach provided easy access to drinking water.
  • It reduces unnecessary labor of carrying water.
  • Users could now concentrate efficiently on agriculture.
  • The water could be used for other purpose as well cooking, cleaning, agriculture, etc.
长处: 编制者或其他关键资源人员的观点
  • Main advantage is that approach reduced labor and saved effort and time of land users. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: A major lesson of this approach is self dependence. To enhance the result of this approach, the villagers must have acquired some technical and management knowledge. This knowledge will be helpful to continue getting results and to extend it. it will also e helpful and motivate the start of newer approaches.)
  • It made villagers aware of how to use locally available resources for greater productivity.
  • The approach helped villagers learn to tackle challenges to manage project unitedly.
弱点/缺点/风险: 土地使用者的观点如何克服
  • Need of constant repairing of pipes
  • water cannot be supplied to each of the houses. The villagers can make shifts of people going for cleaning/surveillance of the sources. The sources should cover properly.
弱点/缺点/风险: 编制者或其他关键资源人员的观点如何克服
  • Any technological achievement lead to conflict between those who are benefited and those not. there should be a supreme body to manage these resources and to make regulation,rules and decision.Since this approach involves everyone, these can be conflicts and arguments frequently. Like if only one tap is available for group of houses/families, there can be conflicts. therefore, under united efforts of villagers, water use rights and regulations must e passed.
  • Lack of supreme body to manage the water supply system
  • The source was not properly covered. It was prone to pollution.

参考文献

编制者
  • Sabita Aryal
Editors
审查者
  • Fabian Ottiger
实施日期: Jan. 18, 2014
上次更新: July 8, 2017
资源人
WOCAT数据库中的完整描述
链接的SLM数据
文件编制者
机构 项目
主要参考文献
  • Google maps, Google: http://www.google.com
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareaAlike 4.0 International