Protection and sustainable of mountain ungulates
(塔吉克斯坦)
描述
The sustainable use of wild mountain ungulates by local peoplefor eco-tourism, hunting tourism and subsistence hunting stimulates the protection of the populations and habitats of these species thus providing an alternative and adapted land-use option contributing to climate resilience trough biodiversity conservation, avoidance of desertification and diversification of land-use.
Aims / objectives: Protection and sustainable use of wild mountain ungulates (ibex, markhor, argali, urial) in Tajikistan.
Methods: Assignment of hunting grounds to organizations (private or non-commercial, non-governmental) established by local people. Protection of the animal populations against poaching, elaboration and implementation of management plans, population monitoring. Based on monitoring results issuing of permits for use of animals. Use of permitted quota for hunting tourism and subsistence hunting. Additionally eco-tourism (non-consumptive).
Role of stakeholders: Local people, in particular active and former hunters are the main actors. Collaboration witth state agencies in charge of nature protection and hunting and with scientific institutions as well as with touroperators is supported by the project.
Other important information: The approach has in fact been implemented already since the 1990s, without project support. With project assistance it is refined, more focussed on community involvement and sustainability of used wildlife populations.
地点
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地点: Shuroabad, Darvaz, Rushan, Ishkashim, Murghab, Tajikistan/Khatlon and GBAO, 塔吉克斯坦
启动日期: 2008
终止年份: 不适用
方法的类型
Community rangers of NGO 'Parcham' (Oshurmamadov, Nuzar)
Monitring markhor population. (Shakula, Vladimir)
方法目标和有利环境
该方法的主要目的/目标
The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (wildlife monitoring, involvement of local communities, sustainable hunting, trophy hunting, subsistence hunting, ecological tourism)
Populations of wild mountain ungulates are stable and in the range of the natural carrying capacity. Their sustainble non-consumptive and consumptive use supports local people and local rural development. The benefits from the sustainable use of mountain ungulates stimulates their protection and the protection of habitats, thus avoiding loss of biodiversity and land-degradation.
The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Extirpation of wild mountain ungulates due to illegal and/or unregulated hunting and degradation of their habitats. This leads not only to loss of biodiversity but as well to the loss of land-use options. Well managed wild animals are less critical in terms of land degradation than livestock grazing.
阻碍实施本办法所应用技术的条件
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社会/文化/宗教规范和价值观: Difficulties to collaborate within the communities, tendencies to purchase individual interests seperately.
Treatment through the SLM Approach: Group facilitation. Insisting in large management units, collectively managed.
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财务资源和服务的可用性/可得性: Lack of immediate income from wildlife. Expectations of external payment for work as rangers.
Treatment through the SLM Approach: Support with initial investment into needed equipment. Support of eco-tourism and hunting tourism development providing at least initial income.
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机构设置: So far no community could become wildlife manager. All initiatives are based on private organizations or NGO.
Treatment through the SLM Approach: Facilitation of linkages between wildlife managing organizsations and community institutions.
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法律框架（土地使用权、土地和水使用权）: Long delay in assigning responsibility and authority for managing hunting grounds to community based organizations. Hesitance to devolve power to local people. Some species cannot yet been legally used due to national and international legal restrictions.
Treatment through the SLM Approach: Facilitation, support to state agencies in charge to develop adequate contracts. Support to improvement of national legal framework. Information of relevant international organizations and foreign decision makers on the impact of existing regulations.
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了解SLM，获得技术支持: Population estimates for mountain ungulates are technically difficult and assumptions necessary to be fulfilled for estimates based on limited samples rarely fulfilled.
Treatment through the SLM Approach: Instead of population estimates index surveys providing minimum numbers are conducted and the methods are refined. The results of these index surveys are used for a careful and conservative suggestion of quota for sustainable use.
相关利益相关者的参与和角色
该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责
| 该方法涉及哪些利益相关者/执行机构？ |
指定利益相关者 |
说明利益相关者的角色 |
| 当地土地使用者/当地社区 |
Local users are the main actors in the model areas. They are supported by the project staff
Women are usually not much interested in hunting related issues. But they are intensively involved in tourism related activities.
In the community based NGO participate socially and economically disadvantaged groups. In particular the people living in remote mountain villages with limited income opportunities. |
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| NGO |
International NGO gives technical advise
National NGO is project implementer. |
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| 私营部门 |
Private conservancies and hunting concessions |
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| 国家政府（规划者、决策者） |
Involvement of experts of relevant agencies. Close cooperation on all issues. |
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| 国际组织 |
Financial support and inclusion in GIZ's regional programme on sustainable use of nature resources in Central Asia. |
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有关SLM技术选择的决策
决策是由......做出的
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仅限土地使用者（自主）
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主要是土地使用者，由SLM专家提供支持
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所有相关参与者，作为参与式方法的一部分
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主要是SLM专家，咨询土地使用者之后
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仅限SLM专家
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政治家和领袖
决策是基于
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对充分记录的SLM知识进行评估（基于证据的决策）
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研究结果
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个人经验和意见（无记录）
技术支持、能力建设和知识管理
以下活动或服务是该方法的一部分
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能力建设/培训
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咨询服务
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机构强化（组织发展）
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监测和评估
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研究
融资和外部物质支持
SLM组成部分的年度预算，以美元计算
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< 2,000
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2,000-10,000
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10,000-100,000
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100,000-1,000,000
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> 1,000,000
Precise annual budget: 不适用
已向土地使用者提供以下服务或激励
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为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援
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特定投入的补贴
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信用
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其它激励或手段
影响分析和结论性陈述
方法的影响
方法活动的可持续性
土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施（无外部支持的情况下）？
结论和吸取的教训
长处: 土地使用者的观点
长处: 编制者或其他关键资源人员的观点
弱点/缺点/风险: 土地使用者的观点如何克服
弱点/缺点/风险: 编制者或其他关键资源人员的观点如何克服
参考文献
实施日期: May 15, 2011
上次更新: July 7, 2017
资源人
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Natalia Mityakova (natashamit@yandex.ru) - SLM专业人员
文件编制者
