汇总

描述

Joint Wildlife Management based on economic empowerment and assigning hunting (wildlife) grounds to the Association of local hunters and providing her with user rights for game resources leads to a sustainable use of natural resources and biodiversity and wildlife conservation (in the frame of CACILM).

Aims / objectives: Wildlife in Kyrgyzstan, especially mountain ungulates, is threatened because these resources can be easily accessed due to an inadequate state supervision and regulation as well as due to lack of knowledge among the local population and mechanism for integrated land use (considering different coordinated types of resource use) and resource conservation. Decrease in the natural habitat (caused by the expansion of pasture and arable land) and illegal hunting lead to a decrease in wildlife populations. In Kyrgyzstan, the fauna is exclusively owned by the state. User rights for wildlife are separated from land use ones. The approach aims at the conservation and sustainable use of wildlife based on providing representatives of the local community, organized in an Association of local hunters (ALH), with legal user rights for wildlife resources.

Methods: (1) supporting local hunters in organizing an Association of local hunters (ALH) with the help of facilitators; (2) transferring wildlife management functions from the Wildlife Department to the ALH based on assigning hunting grounds to them and providing them with user rights according to jointly developed management plans; (3) building trust in partnership relations between the ALH and the Wildlife Department of State Agency for Environmental Protection and Forestry (SAEPF) based on joint registration and monitoring and determination of the resource status (see Annex 3); (4) capacity building of the ALH with the help of independent experts and advising activities provided by the Wildlife Department; (5) developing an atmosphere of trust by establishing links between the Wildlife Department, local hunters (ALH), the local community (Aiylokmotu) and rural organizations (Pasture User Association, PUA) based on joint planning and information sharing.

Stages of implementation: (1) setting up groups of well-trained (sensitive) facilitators and training them on the principles of facilitation, conflict management and sustainable management of natural resources; (2) identifying reliable active hunters with the help of facilitators and managers by interviewing neutral people; (3) organizing a meeting at the field level to analyze the situation and identify interests in establishing of the ALH; (4) raising awareness of local hunters on wildlife resources, existing problems and possible solutions offered by sustainable management; (5) establishing an ALH in the pilot area as a legal entity; (6) assigning areas to the ALH and advising activities on methods for wildlife management provided by the Wildlife Department and the specialized NGO 'Ak-Terek'; (7) organizing expeditions with specialists from the Wildlife Department to register and monitor the resource status; (8) developing a management plan with the support of experts from the Wildlife Department and independent experts, plan approval and implementation.

地点

地点: Kochkor district, Toloksky Aiylokmotu (villages Tolok and Kok-Jar), Kyrgyzstan, Naryn oblast, 吉尔吉斯斯坦

选定地点的地理参考

75.682, 41.966

启动日期: 2010

终止年份: 2014

方法的类型

传统/本土
最近的本地倡议/创新
基于项目/方案

Identification of a possible hunting area and types of game resources during the meeting of local hunters (Almaz Musaev (Bishkek, Manas St.,155, Wildlife Department))

Wild mountain goats are one of the species at risk of extinction; it is included into the list of wild animals, of which management rights will be transferred in the hands of the local community (Almaz Musaev (Bishkek, Manas St., 155, Wildlife Department))

方法目标和有利环境

该方法的主要目的/目标

The Approach focused mainly on other activities than SLM (Transferring responsibilities of wildlife management to the local population, assigning hunting grounds to the Association of local Hunters and providing her with legal user rights for game resources, sustainable management of wildlife and joint planning)

The approach aims at conservation and sustainable use of wildlife based on economic empowerment and transfer of legal use rights for wildlife resources to representatives of the local community, organized in the Association of local hunters according to jointly developed management plans.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Decrease in wildlife populations due to an unregulated unsustainable use of resources by the local population and due to lack of participatory mechanisms for the population to manage these resources, inadequate state regulation and supervision, aggravated by a conflict of interest among users over other natural resources with different intentions (pasture, forest, mineral resources, tourism).

推动实施本办法所应用技术的条件

阻碍实施本办法所应用技术的条件

社会/文化/宗教规范和价值观: Hunting is basically illegal. Local hunters do not trust the new approach of wildlife management and have no capacity for self-organization and no experience of joint decision making. Treatment through the SLM Approach: Providing necessary information to the local population by holding meetings and seminars with representatives of the Wildlife Department. Trainings on capacity building for self-organization.
财务资源和服务的可用性/可得性: There is a need for initial investment to get the ALH started and deferred revenues are expected. The ALH is not expected to extract big financial revenues from wildlife management and wildlife use. Treatment through the SLM Approach: Explanation of financial expectations (exclusive right of first access to game resources and authority of access right distribution, patriotism)
机构设置: There is a lack of joint organizations at the field level which manage wildlife resources sustainably. Treatment through the SLM Approach: Establishing an Association of local hunters to manage wildlife resources sustainably
法律框架（土地使用权、土地和水使用权）: There is a lack of policy promoting Joint Wildlife Management Treatment through the SLM Approach: Order of the Wildlife Department, Concept of Reform for wildlife sector prohibiting state agencies to manage wildlife economically, promoting the assignment of wildlife areas to the ALH The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights greatly hindered the approach implementation Existing legislation does not comply with the principles of sustainable use and wildlife management and does not promote Joint Wildlife Management. There is a lack of regulation and integration of land users.
了解SLM，获得技术支持: The local population has no necessary capacities (environmental awareness, knowledge of sustainable wildlife management). Treatment through the SLM Approach: Trainings

该方法涉及哪些利益相关者/执行机构？	指定利益相关者	说明利益相关者的角色
当地土地使用者/当地社区	Hunters from the villages Kok-Djar and Tolel in the Naryn region Hunting is a traditionally male-dominated activity	Pasture user committees
社区组织
NGO	Public Foundation “Ak-Terek”
国家政府（规划者、决策者）	Wildlife Department of SAEPF
国际组织	GIZ Regional Program on Sustainable Use of Natural Resources via the Project “Sustainable use of the mountain ungulate species in Kyrgyzstan”

技术支持、能力建设和知识管理

以下活动或服务是该方法的一部分

能力建设/培训
咨询服务
机构强化（组织发展）
监测和评估
研究

能力建设/培训

向以下利益相关者提供培训

土地使用者
现场工作人员/顾问
Wildlife Department

培训形式

在职
农民对农民
示范区域
公开会议
课程
2 day seminars on the spot

涵盖的主题

1. Raising awareness of actual problems and possible solutions; joint mapping of resources and discussion of scenarios for development of hunting grounds;
2. Principles of sustainable wildlife use;
3. Methods for monitoring and registering the number of wild animals;
4. Planning economic activities of game management for an assigned area;
5. Professional ethics of game users;
6. Programs for employees of environmental, law enforcement and customs authorities.

咨询服务

已提供咨询服务

在土地使用者的土地上
在固定中心

Name of method used for advisory service: situation analysis; Key elements: on-site visit, group consultation during workshop, preparation of resource map

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; Department with its local staff and the NGO 'Ak-Terek' are capable to continue providing advisory services after the project finishes.

监测和评估

Bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through observations; indicators: expeditions, field researches, surveys Bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through measurements; indicators: number of wild animals Economic / production aspects were regular monitored by project staff through measurements; indicators: benefit from selling hunting tours and ecotourism No. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored by project staff through measurements; indicators: Number of hunters and associations Management of Approach aspects were regular monitored by project staff, government through observations; indicators: annual planning, monitoring of achievement and difficulties, adaptation of the approach if necessary There were no changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation There were no changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation

融资和外部物质支持

SLM组成部分的年度预算，以美元计算

< 2,000
2,000-10,000
10,000-100,000
100,000-1,000,000
> 1,000,000

Precise annual budget: 不适用

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (GIZ, via “Sustainable use of the mountain ungulate species in Kyrgyzstan” ): 95.0%; government (Wildlife Department of SAEPF): 5.0%; national non-government (PF “Ak-Terek” ); local community / land user(s) (local resource users )

已向土地使用者提供以下服务或激励

为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援
特定投入的补贴
信用
其它激励或手段

部分融资

充分融资

Tools, binoculars, GPS navigators, tents

土地使用者的劳动力为

自愿
以粮换工
以现金支付
获得其他物质支持

影响分析和结论性陈述

方法的影响

否

是，很少

是，中等

是，支持力度很大

该方法是否帮助土地使用者实施和维护SLM技术？

With establishing the Association of local hunters and involving the latter into wildlife management, stabilization and even an increasing tendency of wildlife populations according to ecosystem's carrying capacity have been made possible. Joint planning and activities in the assigned areas decreased the number of conflicts over resources. Diversification of land use and a better integration of land users are present.

该方法是否有助于社会和经济弱势群体？

该方法是否改善了阻碍SLM技术实施的土地使用权/用户权问题？

Integrating approaches of wildlife management (a relevant order of the Hunting Department) before a new law 'On Hunting' is adopted. Economic empowerment of the LAH and political will for the issue. Increase in sensibility of the main resource users concerning the conservation of biodiversity.

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?

The project is extended over other areas in Kyrgyzstan (Kemin, Ak-Suu and Talas regions) and in Khatlon and Gorno-Badakhshan oblasts of Tajikistan (Shurabad, Darvaz, Rushan, Ishkakshim, Murghab regions).

土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机

增加生产
增加利润（能力），提高成本效益比
减少土地退化
降低灾害风险
减少工作量
支付/补贴
规章制度（罚款）/执行
声望、社会压力/社会凝聚
加入运动/项目/团体/网络
环境意识
习俗和信仰，道德
提高SLM知识和技能
美学改进
冲突缓解
well-being and livelihoods improvement

方法活动的可持续性

土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施（无外部支持的情况下）？

否
是
不确定

5 years later, after the number of wild animals in the assigned area is increased. During this period, members of the Association would realize the obvious long-term benefits resulting from the new approach (increasing wildlife population would lead to an increase in hunting licenses issued) and would become experienced in sustainable game management.

结论和吸取的教训

长处: 土地使用者的观点

Opportunity to lobby for own interests through Hunters’ Association in the local community (Aiylokmotu).
Opportunity to extract revenue from hunting tours.
Opportunity to legalize hunting.
Opportunity to manage resources in the assigned area and to plan how to use them. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Trainings and expert advice from the Wildlife Department and the Academy of Sciences of KR.)

长处: 编制者或其他关键资源人员的观点

Users of various natural resources (pasture, beekeepers, hunters) jointly plan their activities and use resources. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Increasing awareness of the local population on degradation of natural resources and the need for their careful use.)
Resource use and management are transferred in the hands of resource users. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Adoption of necessary legislation to establish wildlife user associations.)
Positive impact on the local ecosystem: stabilization of the wildlife population resulting from of protection of the assigned area and limited shooting. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Trainings for hunters on a new method of registration and monitoring of wild animals in order to determine the status of wildlife populations.)
Active and regular participation and support of the Wildlife Department in planning and implementing approach and creating an atmosphere of trust.

弱点/缺点/风险: 土地使用者的观点如何克服

Deferred minor revenue over the first years of implementation related to an increase in wildlife populations. Development of ecotourism as a primary source of income. In the future, ecotourism can be practiced along with hunting tourism, providing additional income.

弱点/缺点/风险: 编制者或其他关键资源人员的观点如何克服

Resource users have poor capacities for self-organization and are incapable of coherent collective actions. Consultancy, meetings, involvement of conflict managers and facilitators.

Joint Wildlife Management in the mountain ecosystem of the Naryn region in Kyrgyzstan (吉尔吉斯斯坦)

描述

地点