taff of Madagascar National Parks during a workshop on survey techniques that can be used in biodiversity monitoring programs. (Yedidya R. Ratovonamana)

Participatory monitoring and evaluation of long-term changes in ecosystems (马达加斯加岛)

描述

Establishing a knowledge base and communication platform in collaboration with para-ecologists for monitoring changes in ecosystems, to aid decision-making in forest management.

Aims / objectives: This approach strengthens knowledge about the response of biodiversity to environmental changes – namely land conversion, climate change induced impacts and climate-related extreme events, such as droughts and cyclones. Information generated can be used to inform regional authorities. They are then able to adapt management to current conditions, in order to better preserve biodiversity within the National Park. An important component of this approach is the integration of people from the local population as 'para-ecologists' who are trained in survey techniques for biodiversity monitoring. They directly observe changes in biodiversity, and share their knowledge with others in the area. The approach, thus, includes the sensitization of the local population to impacts of environmental change on biodiversity.

Methods: Under this approach, local assistants were trained in biodiversity monitoring techniques by researchers during their regular research activities. Part of the process comprised skills in species identification. Because the researchers had a limited period available for field work, training of these para-ecologists was a pre-requisite for implementation of long-term monitoring activities based on surveying at regular intervals. The surveys initiated by the researchers were plant phenology monitoring, regular capture, marking and recapture of Galidictis grandidieri (the giant striped mongoose) which is a flagship species in the Tsimanampesotse National Park, as well as reptile occurrence monitoring along transects. Monitoring procedures were established, and then continued by para-ecologists under the guidance of a Malagasy researcher who is familiar with ecological field work and acted as a ‘scientific coordinator’. The task of the scientific coordinator was data control and storage, planning of monitoring activities, as well as communication between national authorities, ecologists and para-ecologists. All survey data are available for scientific purposes and can be used to inform Malagasy authorities, or can be directly demanded by Malagasy authorities.

Stages of implementation: A basic research camp for monitoring was established within the Tsimanampesotse National Park in collaboration with Madagascar National Parks and WWF Toliara with third party funding. Four para-ecologists, two cooks and a guard constitute the team. The camp is maintained by a manager who is responsible for maintenance of buildings and electric facilities as well as provision of food. Surveying equipment is stored at the base camp. Computers and other necessary equipment were provided under the SuLaMa project. There are two para-ecologists trained on flora and a further two on fauna. Survey sites for monitoring of animal diversity and plant phenology were established by plant and animal ecologists in cooperation with the para-ecologists. Infrastructure for data acquisition and storage was established. This included the installation of electrical facilities as well as the provisioning of field books and computers. Technicians received language courses and learned computer operation. Regular exchange between the research camp and the national park authority, MNP, was established through a permanently employed scientific coordinator. This exercise resulted in a first workshop on survey techniques, in which staff of Madagascar National Park learned from researchers and para-ecologists.

Role of stakeholders: All survey data are available for scientific purposes and can be used to inform Malagasy authorities, or can be directly demanded from Malagasy authorities.

地点

地点: Beheloke, Atsimo-Andrefana (South-West Madagascar), 马达加斯加岛

选定地点的地理参考
  • 43.73725, -24.02663

启动日期: 2011

终止年份: 2016

方法的类型
Staff of Madagascar National Parks during a workshop on survey techniques that can be used in biodiversity monitoring programs. (Yedidya R. Ratovonamana)
Paraecologists during a reptile survey at night holding a warty chameleon (Joachim Nopper)

方法目标和有利环境

该方法的主要目的/目标
The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (raising environmental awareness, environmental education)

Collect data on biodiversity to increase understanding of environmental change impacts. Use of this data to inform conservation managers. Involve the local population in this process to raise awareness and create ownership.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Lack of knowledge about the changes in biodiversity within the national park; inadequate expertise in animal and plant identification; lack of knowledge about standardized sampling methods; data storage and dissemination not established.
推动实施本办法所应用技术的条件
阻碍实施本办法所应用技术的条件
  • 社会/文化/宗教规范和价值观: language barrier Treatment through the SLM Approach: employment of a French teacher
  • 了解SLM,获得技术支持: No housing and facilities for para-ecologists, no infrastructure for data entry and storage as well as storage of equipment Treatment through the SLM Approach: Establishment of a research camp as the base for all monitoring activities; Establishment of a database for storage of survey data. Keeping of a copy by the scientific coordinator who is able to distribute the data to researchers.
  • 工作量、人力资源可用性: Due to different reasons surveys were occasionally cancelled. Treatment through the SLM Approach: Data quality of monitoring programs suffers if surveys are not conducted at regular intervals. To avoid the cancellation of surveys, two persons were trained in the same survey techniques, so that a replacement is available. Nevertheless, occasional cancellations could not be avoided.

相关利益相关者的参与和角色

该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责
该方法涉及哪些利益相关者/执行机构? 指定利益相关者 说明利益相关者的角色
当地土地使用者/当地社区 members of local population that gain knowledge on biodiversity
研究人员 Para-ecologists are all men. Camp staff are equally divided between women and men. No woman occupied a top position however.
NGO MNP, WWF
国家政府(规划者、决策者) MEEF access to monitoring data and knowledge on status of biodiversity conservation effectiveness.
国际组织 BMBF
领导机构
Researchers from different disciplines were involved. Scientific coordination was conducted by a Malagasy botanist.
当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段
被动
外部支持
互动
自我动员
启动/动机
Training, identification of places for monitoring activities
计划
实施
Monitoring within the National Park, giving results of research to National Park staff
监测/评估
Research
流程图

Key partners for a biodiversity monitoring programme in southwestern
Madagascar. Collaborative research is focussed in and around Tsimanampesotse National Park. Ecologists train para-ecologists and develop long term monitoring programs. Scientific coordinator collects data and communicates results to MNP. Para-ecologists conduct surveys, a camp manager ensures research equipment is available and coordinates maintenance.

有关SLM技术选择的决策

决策是由......做出的

  • 仅限土地使用者(自主)
  • 主要是土地使用者,由SLM专家提供支持
  • 所有相关参与者,作为参与式方法的一部分
  • 主要是SLM专家,咨询土地使用者之后
  • 仅限SLM专家
  • 政治家和领袖
  • by researchers

决策是基于

  • 对充分记录的SLM知识进行评估(基于证据的决策)
  • 研究结果
  • 个人经验和意见(无记录)

技术支持、能力建设和知识管理

以下活动或服务是该方法的一部分
能力建设/培训
向以下利益相关者提供培训
  • 土地使用者
  • 现场工作人员/顾问
  • local population
培训形式
  • 在职
  • 农民对农民
  • 示范区域
  • 公开会议
  • 课程
涵盖的主题

Local men who were trained in animal and plant identification and survey techniques. They became specialists in their area of work and due to regular surveys, better understand the effects of environmental changes on plant phenology and the occurrence and behaviour of animals. They share their knowledge in their villages, thus contributing to raising awareness about the environment.

咨询服务
已提供咨询服务
  • 在土地使用者的土地上
  • 在固定中心
Advisory service is inadequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities
监测和评估
technical aspects were ad hoc monitored by government through observations; indicators: data collection by paraecologists was observed by researchers during training phase Control of data quality aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff through observations Regular data collection aspects were regular monitored by project staff through There were no changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation There were no changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation: n/a
研究
研究涉及以下主题
  • 社会学
  • 经济/市场营销
  • 生态学
  • 技术

Research was exclusively undertaken within the national park. Extension of research activities into non-protected areas is aspired in collaboration with the local communities.

Research was carried out on station

融资和外部物质支持

SLM组成部分的年度预算,以美元计算
  • < 2,000
  • 2,000-10,000
  • 10,000-100,000
  • 100,000-1,000,000
  • > 1,000,000
Precise annual budget: 不适用
Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (German Ministry of Education and Research, BMBF): 100.0%
已向土地使用者提供以下服务或激励
  • 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援
  • 特定投入的补贴
  • 信用
  • 其它激励或手段
为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援
部分融资
充分融资
electric facilities and research equipment

construction & maintenance of research camp

cart

土地使用者的劳动力为

影响分析和结论性陈述

方法的影响
是,很少
是,中等
是,支持力度很大
该方法是否帮助土地使用者实施和维护SLM技术?

This approach is to evaluate long-term impacts of land conversions, gradual climate change and climate-related extremes (disasters) on biodiversity. Due to insufficient data because of the short time since implementation, impacts have not yet been assessed.

该方法是否有助于社会和经济弱势群体?

By providing employment for some local people.

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?

Community-based monitoring is on the rise in Madagascar.

土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机
  • 增加生产
  • 增加利润(能力),提高成本效益比
  • 减少土地退化
  • 降低灾害风险
  • 减少工作量
  • 支付/补贴
  • 规章制度(罚款)/执行
  • 声望、社会压力/社会凝聚
  • 加入运动/项目/团体/网络
  • 环境意识
  • 习俗和信仰,道德
  • 提高SLM知识和技能
  • 美学改进
  • 冲突缓解
  • well-being and livelihoods improvement
方法活动的可持续性
土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施(无外部支持的情况下)?
  • 不确定

结论和吸取的教训

长处: 土地使用者的观点
长处: 编制者或其他关键资源人员的观点
  • By employing people from villages surrounding the national Park in regular research activities as well as biodiversity monitoring, knowledge on dynamics of natural systems is experienced firsthand and can be transmitted to other members of the local population. This can be seen as an informal knowledge hub from which communities learn more about the ecosystem they live in. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Creating owenership might lead to a more sustainable resource use practice.)
  • Collecting data and knowledge to support evidence based decision making for biodiversity conservation (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Maintain and carry forward the knowledge base and communication platform by ensuring funding )
弱点/缺点/风险: 土地使用者的观点如何克服
弱点/缺点/风险: 编制者或其他关键资源人员的观点如何克服
  • Monitoring activities depend on continuous funding. Funding was provided by SuLaMa/BMBF. Efforts for a continuation of funding need to be undertaken throughout project implementation as well as after project has terminated. The situation could be stabilized by mainstreaming monitoring activities in programs of in-country authorities, which is planned but has not yet been implemented.

参考文献

编制者
  • Joachim Nopper
Editors
审查者
  • Fabian Ottiger
  • Deborah Niggli
实施日期: Feb. 8, 2016
上次更新: April 4, 2018
资源人
WOCAT数据库中的完整描述
链接的SLM数据
文件编制者
机构 项目
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareaAlike 4.0 International