Promotion of Acacia ampliceps on severely salt-affected soil
(泰国)
Planting Acacia ampliceps on severely salt-affected land.
描述
Planting perennial salt-tolerant trees in the severely salt-affected area in Lam Satad of Chi-Mun watershed was introduced by the Land Development Department at A. Buayai, Nakhon Ratchasima. This project aimed at promoting the planting of Acacia ampliceps on an area of up to 4,665 rai (approx. 745 ha).
Land rehabilitation through Acacia ampliceps planting on severely salt-affected soils has been a subproject of the LDD project on "Planting Perennial Salt-tolerant Trees in Salt-affected Areas in the Northeast of Thailand", which started in 1996. The area of Acacia ampliceps has extended further than 10,000 rai (approx. 1600 hectares) through public relations, demonstration plots, collaboration of community leaders, the local governmental administration, and community volunteers on soil improvement and land users.
The soil salinity map (LDD, 1995) shows that the severely salt-affected land in Northeast Thailand covers 475,200 rai. One of the technologies to address salinity is to decrease the saline shallow groundwater level by planting salt-tolerant trees - which are low input compared with engineering measures. The LDD has been extensively planting Acacia ampliceps through close collaboration and participation of stakeholders and demonstration plots in many severely salt-affected locations of several sub-watersheds, one of the sites being Lam Satad of Chi-Mun watershed. The objectives of the approach are (1) to extend the area of planting Acacia ampliceps to prevent and decrease salination, (2) to maximize the use of salt-affected land for a better environment and crop production, and (3) to extend the knowledge of vegetative measures for salinity control to land users and laymen.
The methods used are through (1) demonstration plots of Acacia ampliceps - planting 2-month-old seedlings in pits as single rows at 80 trees per rai (500 per hectare); (2) the land users got to know the approach through public relations media, local administration, community soil doctor volunteers on soil improvement, community leaders, SLM specialists, and researchers; (3) selection of interested land users under LDD requirements; (4) training of selected land users after joining the project, and (5) monitoring and evaluation after 1 year of planting.
Stakeholders involved are LDD researchers and SLM specialists responsible for establishing planting methods, preparation of land (land leveling and beds for planting), production of seedlings and carrying out demonstration plots, as well as monitoring and evaluation and training at the beginning of planting in new areas. The local administration and community soil doctor volunteers on soil improvement are involved in public relations, recommendations, and strengthening closer participation among farmers. Land users/farmers are to be trained and instructed to follow the technology by SLM specialists. They also participate in the monitoring and evaluation and persuade other land users/farmers to plant Acacia ampliceps.
The land users/farmers favour the technology because they have observed that salinity could be controlled, and they utilize the trees as shade for cattle and the tree branches for producing charcoal. Besides, the land users are self-organized as a group to watch and protect the young trees from being trampled by cattle. The disadvantage of Acacia ampliceps is its sensitivity to flash floods and forest fires. Furthermore, the direct production from the trees is low.
地点
地点: Ban Kok Sa-ard, Moo 10 T. Danchang, A. Buayai, Nakhon Ratchasima, 泰国
启动日期: 2014
终止年份: 2017
方法的类型
The severely salt-affected barren land before planting Acacia ampliceps. (Prasit Prawanna)
A happy land user with native grasses re-emerging after 2 years of planting trees. (Prasit Prawanna)
方法目标和有利环境
该方法的主要目的/目标
The purpose is to scale-out the approach to persuade farmers on severely salt-affected land in other districts and provinces to grow Acacia ampliceps.
推动实施本办法所应用技术的条件
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社会/文化/宗教规范和价值观: Farmers have mutual respect for the community leader and for each other.
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财务资源和服务的可用性/可得性: Farmers can access the financial resources through the housing fund.
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机构设置: Public relations is done by Sub-district Administration Organization (SAO).
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参与者的的协作/协调: Community leaders, soil doctors (soil improvement volunteers) and successful farmers are working together.
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政策: Thai government has a policy of rehabilitating salt-affected soils.
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了解SLM,获得技术支持: LDD officers educate farmers in study areas.
相关利益相关者的参与和角色
该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责
该方法涉及哪些利益相关者/执行机构? |
指定利益相关者 |
说明利益相关者的角色 |
当地土地使用者/当地社区 |
The LDD officers, community leader, soil doctors (soil improvement volunteers) and local administration officers. |
Provide knowledge of the technology. |
SLM专家/农业顾问 |
SLM specialist, community leader, soil doctors (soil improvement volunteers) and local administration officers. |
Technology transfer and implementation |
地方政府 |
Local administration / Community leader |
Public relations and coordination |
领导机构
The LDD officers had extensively worked through close collaboration and participation of community leaders, soil doctors (soil improvement volunteers) and local administration officers.
当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段
启动/动机
Training and demonstration plot was held in the study area.
计划
Public hearing planning was set up before the beginning of the project.
实施
Some farmers were hired labourers in this project.
监测/评估
Volunteer soil doctors and community volunteers were in charge of the coordination.
流程图
Flow chart shows three phases of the implementation and approach.
作者:Mrs. Phatranit Chuaysanoi
有关SLM技术选择的决策
决策是由......做出的
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仅限土地使用者(自主)
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主要是土地使用者,由SLM专家提供支持
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所有相关参与者,作为参与式方法的一部分
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主要是SLM专家,咨询土地使用者之后
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仅限SLM专家
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政治家和领袖
决策是基于
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对充分记录的SLM知识进行评估(基于证据的决策)
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研究结果
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个人经验和意见(无记录)
技术支持、能力建设和知识管理
以下活动或服务是该方法的一部分
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能力建设/培训
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咨询服务
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机构强化(组织发展)
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监测和评估
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研究
能力建设/培训
涵盖的主题
The rehabilitation of severely salt-affected soils by growing Acacia ampliceps could reduce household expenditure and is easy to follow.
咨询服务
1. LDD officers educate farmers in the study area.
2. There is cooperation among community leaders, volunteer soil doctors (soil improvement volunteers) and successful farmers.
监测和评估
LDD officers are in charge of monitoring, investigating survival rates and planning for replanting in the next cropping season.
融资和外部物质支持
SLM组成部分的年度预算,以美元计算
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< 2,000
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2,000-10,000
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10,000-100,000
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100,000-1,000,000
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> 1,000,000
Precise annual budget: 不适用
Land Development Department
已向土地使用者提供以下服务或激励
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为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援
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特定投入的补贴
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信用
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其它激励或手段
为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援
Cost of compost, fertilizer, rice husks, Acacia ampliceps seedlings
劳动力
Plantation and maintenance
农业: 种子: 化肥
Free compost, rice husk and chemical fertilizer with 15-15-15 formula
farm rigged
Reshape of farm ridge
土地使用者的劳动力为
影响分析和结论性陈述
方法的影响
该方法是否有助于当地土地使用者,提高利益相关者的参与度?
To develop food security and reduce farm household
这种方法是否有助于基于证据的决策?
Learning center and source of information in the decision-making process on technology adoption
该方法是否帮助土地使用者实施和维护SLM技术?
Farmers were taking care of technology because it causes of expenditure reduction
该方法是否调动/改善了使用财务资源实施SLM的途径?
It would be a guarantee for loan deposit
该方法是否提高了土地使用者实施土地管理的知识和能力?
Self-adaptation and changing of SLM patterns
该方法是否提高了其他利益相关者的知识和能力?
Government agencies and the private sector development patterns of SLM
该方法是否改善了供水和卫生条件?
According to technology adoption, it could result in desalinization and income enhancement
土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机
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增加生产
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增加利润(能力),提高成本效益比
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减少土地退化
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降低灾害风险
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减少工作量
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支付/补贴
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规章制度(罚款)/执行
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声望、社会压力/社会凝聚
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加入运动/项目/团体/网络
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环境意识
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习俗和信仰,道德
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提高SLM知识和技能
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美学改进
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冲突缓解
方法活动的可持续性
土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施(无外部支持的情况下)?
Most farmers have a good understanding of the rehabilitation of Acacia ampliceps on severely salt-affected soils. Moreover, farmers can get benefit of expenditure reduction through utilization of tree branches as charcoal.
结论和吸取的教训
长处: 土地使用者的观点
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1) Acacia ampliceps is a perennial salt-tolerant tree, which can grow well in the severely salt-affected area.
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2) Desalinization resulted from Acacia ampliceps plantation after 2 years of planting, native grasses return and become grazing land.
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3) Tree branches of Acacia ampliceps could be utilized as charcoal; and the land was changed from barren to trees that become shading.
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4) Soil doctors (soil improvement volunteers) were in charge of coordination.
长处: 编制者或其他关键资源人员的观点
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1) There were LDD officers working with a community leader, soil doctors (soil improvement volunteers) and SAO (Sub-district Administration Organization) officers, who can suggest and support necessary information to the farmer.
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2) Land Development Department operates demonstration plots.
弱点/缺点/风险: 土地使用者的观点如何克服
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1) If a farmer does not engage with this project, he will have no knowledge how to plant Acacia ampliceps in the farm. Moreover, he will not know where to buy Acacia ampliceps seeds.
The LDD has extensively worked through close collaboration and participation of community leader, soil doctors (soil improvement volunteers) and local administration officers on public relations and persuade other land users/ farmers to plant Acacia ampliceps.
弱点/缺点/风险: 编制者或其他关键资源人员的观点如何克服
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1) If a farmer doesn’t engage with this project, they don’t have knowledge how to desalinization by planting Acacia ampliceps. Moreover, they don’t know that severely salt-affected soils become less saline to become rice field after 3 years of planting Acacia ampliceps.
There must have training/ suggesting farmers to know the benefits of Acacia ampliceps planting.
参考文献
审查者
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Samran Sombatpanit
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Rima Mekdaschi Studer
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William Critchley
实施日期: Nov. 16, 2018
上次更新: Jan. 7, 2021
资源人
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Phatranit Chuaysanoi (phatraniton@gmail.com) - SLM专业人员
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Nurean Tathaisong - 土地使用者
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Chartee Panikom - 土地使用者
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Mongkoen Salanok - 土地使用者
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TubseKaew Palinee - 土地使用者
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Kumpu Ponrat - Soil doctor volunteer
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Pakorn Pawanna - Assistant of village leader
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Chakkaphan Phaosrakhu (yom42@hotmail.com) - SLM专业人员
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Kaewjai Oechaiyaphum (issabellalala@gmail.com) - SLM专业人员
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Saowanee Prachansri (prachansri@gmail.com) - SLM专业人员
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Apisit Phiprakon - SLM专业人员
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Prasit Prawanna - SLM专业人员
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Somsri Arunin (ssarunin@gmail.com) - National Consultant
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- SLM专业人员
文件编制者
机构
- Land Development Department LDD (Land Development Department LDD) - 泰国
项目
- Decision Support for Mainstreaming and Scaling out Sustainable Land Management (GEF-FAO / DS-SLM)
主要参考文献
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Land Development Department: http://www.ldd.go.th/