最佳实践的简短描述

The failure of the rehabilitation practices mostly due to lack of people participation and attention of people benefit, mainly economic benefit. Therefore for the future success of rehabilitation need a people independency through Integrated Farming Agrosylvopasture with embung (small reservoir) and closed pipe irrigation.
Agrosylvopasture "Pagar Tejo" system has the following characteristics:
– Multi rows of legume trees for fodder, mixed with livestocks and food crops, grasses and oyher economic crops, East-West direction regardless of slopes.
– Capability to maximize the natural synergetic relation of soil-plant-livestock-atmosphere
– Flexibility to adopt modern agriculture technology
– Flexibility to accomodate various agricultural institutions
– Compatible for establishing agribusiness and agro industry
– Compatible for restoring/rehabilitation degraded land and  preventing land degradation
– Effectivity to increase farmers income
- Fit for mitigation and adaptation to global climate change and possible carbon trade or carbon sequestration service.|

地点

West Nusa Tenggara, East Nusa Tenggara, East Java and Lampung|

如果该位置有明确的边界，请以公顷为单位说明其延伸范围。:

4500.0

居住在该地区的估计人口:

17000.0

指定地点内的自然环境简介。

Thin layer of top soil, low soil fertility.|
Dry subhumid tropic.
Undulating to rolling.

居住在该地点及/或附近居民的普遍社会经济状况

Before the practicing of the best practices the income of farmers is very low (75-500 US$/year). The income after the implementation of the practices increasing as follow: Income from crop production (105 US$/year), livestocks reproduction (1000 US$/year), livestocks fattening (1200 US$/year), additional income from fuelwood (1800 US$/3 years) and timber (10000 US$/4-5 years). Total income 4905-5405 US$/year. Possible other income sources: Biofuel and compost.
Mostly private and communal land at about 0.5 ha in average, some in production forest land in collaboration with government and companies.|
Crop production (grains and tubers), livestock, fuelwood and timber.|

根据哪些标准和/或指标（与战略无关），在确定建议的实践和相应的技术是否被认为是“最佳”时，应该基于哪些标准和/或指标（与战略无关）？

- Flexibility to adopt modern agriculture technology
- Capability to maximize the natural synergetic relation of soil-plant-livestock-atmosphere
- Compatible for restoring/rehabilitation degraded land and  preventing land degradation
- Effectivity to increase farmers income
- Fit for mitigation and adaptation to global climate change and possible carbon trade or carbon sequestration service.

最佳实践解决的主要问题

Low family income, poor farmers (selling of the following product: corn, upland rice, string bean, chili, tomatoes, tubers, grasses, timber, fuelwood, livestocks will increase income).|Lack of food, malnutrition diseases (availability of food and nutrition from the products will increase the nutrition).|Poor environment condition (the following cover crops, hedgerows and grasses: Gmelina, Albazia, "Jabon", "Mindi" Sesbania, Gliricidia, Flemingia, Leucaena, etc will improve land cover, soil organic matters and hence increase soil biodiversity, soil porosity, soil structure and soil infiltration capacity.|Severe erosion (the following cover crops and hedgerows: Sesbania, Gliricidia, Flemingia, Leucaena, Etc will improve land cover and hence decrease substantial soil  erosion).|Cutting tress in a sequence will always keep some carbon remaining in the soil, mitigate to global warming.|Potential use of manure biogas and fuelwood will provide sustainable renewable sources of energy.

概述最佳实践解决的具体土地退化问题

1. Poor environment condition (eroded soil, waste land, bare land, critical dryland)
2. Severe erosion

具体说明最佳实践的目标

Suitable for degraded – severely degraded land. |Effective for restoration of degraded environment.|Increase farmers income.|Important for food security programme.

按目标对主要活动进行简要的描述

Mix farming (food crops, vegetables and livestock)
|Adapted marketable crop, livestock, fuelwood and timber selection
Integrated farming, multiple cropping (flexible combination among trees, hedgerows, grasses, grains, tubers and other economic crops, livestock)
|Embung (small reservoir) development
Adapted and valuable food crop selection
|Community extension and training
Integrated farming, multiple cropping |Embung (small reservoir) development

本技术的简要说明和技术规范

Technology for Agrosilvo pasture:
- Use local input (species) Gmelina, Albazia, "Jabon", "Mindi", Sesbania, Gliricidia, Flemingia, Leucaena, etc
- Use local knowledge and practices
- Suitable to local socio culture
- Livestock as economic component.
- Could be run as a business modern, profitable and sustainable.
Technology for embung development plus closed irrigation (pipe irrigation):
- Embung is small farm reservoir
- Suitable in elevated or depressed areas (valleys)
- Suitable when rainfall more than 800 – 1500 mm/year
- Need at least 0.2 – 0.5 hectare of terrace rice catchment or 0.6 – 1.0 hectare of grassland catchment
- Closed irrigation is a pipe irrigation, non flooded irrigation, best suited for dryland, save water.
Technology for integrated farming:
- Combination of food crop, hedgerows, grasses, timber and livestock.
- Planted East-West direction regardless of slopes direction.|
Crops and trees is planted East-West direction regardless of slope direction. Contour is planted with grasses or other short hedgerows to allow sunlight penetration to all spaces available between rows. This arrangement will not only serve for soil and water conservation but also increase the productivity of the land. Planting trees based on terrace concept is good for conserving the environment but not for getting the highest potential economic that can be obtained through crop production of the land.

技术开发机构的名称和地址

Soils Departement, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mataram|Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara|Centre for Dryland, University of Mataram|Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara

这项技术是合作开发的吗?

否

具体说明该技术推广的框架

• 地方自主性
• 国家倡议——非政府主导
• 基于方案/项目的倡议

当地利益相关者（包括CSO）的参与是否促进了技术的开发？

是

列出涉及的当地利益相关者:

Local Government Forestry Office|Craken Foundation|APDI (Association for Meat Vendor Indonesia)|Regional Planning and Development Board|Other districts in other provinces

对于上面列出的利益相关者，说明他们在该技术的设计、引入、使用和维护（如果有的话）中的角色。

Mostly Project based initiatives, sometimes can not be done and implemented as it is recommended by "Pagar Tejo" system (due to bureaucratic rules). Most governmental program is temporal. Program funded by UN-WFP, after three years program the system is intact, involving more than 1000 household. The "Pagar Tejo" system is now has been improved with introduction of social and institution designs on its implementation. With this latest development, a sustainable integrated farming production system is achieved. |

居住在该地区和/或附近的居民是否参与了该技术的开发？

是

通过什么手段？:

• 咨询
• 参与途径

描述现场影响（按类别划分的两类主要影响）

Production of foods, animal fodder, and livestock is guaranteed. Agriculture production is not limited only to rainy seasons, agricultural productions is more various and multiplied. Timber and fuelwood are abundant. Manure is abundant and potential for biogas and compost.|
Income source is various: from selling food crops, green fodder, firewood, and timber. People purchasing power increases, spending capacity increases, various jobs and entrepreneurship activities develope.|
Institutional Level:
Development of farmer groups is unabated. Cultural and institutional designs added to this technological design, makes collaborative work among the farmers necessary. This strengthens the existence and bargaining powers of the farmers. |
More carbon is saved into soil, agriculture is more adapted to changing world climate.|
Agriculture production is not limited only during rainy seasons but extended to whole year. Consequently with the job availability, many people can get jobs. Agriculture activity is exteremely increased.|
Culture is changing: people work around times, planting, harvesting, grassing, pruning, cutting, and tending the livestock; as compared to 5-6 months work out of 12 months before the implementation of this LAYLIFE technology.|
Land is covered by crops, grasses, hedgerows and trees for whole year. Land, water and air is conserved. Erosion is faded. Micro climate is improved to better condition. Humidity is maintained at comfortable levels.|
Specific empowerment activities develope by Craken Foundation (with regards to LAYLIFE technology) could translate a donated program becomes a sustainable empowerment self funding with continues economic development.

描述两个主要的场外影响（即不是发生在现场，而是发生在周围区域）

People in many villages in West Nusa Tenggara province and other provinces in Indonesia wants to have a LAYLIFE empowerment model that has been done by Craken Foundation
Many rich people have established its own LAYLIFE in their land. This   activity will bring about jobs and incomes to many people (mostly poor farmers and landless farmers) since this technology requires labor forces.

对生物多样性和气候变化的影响

解释原因:

The eroded land, degraded land, waste land, critical dryland, monoculture food crops agricultural land are mostly poor with trees and lacks for land cover. LAYLIFE implementation translate the bare land into well covered land mostly with the hedgerows and timber as well as grasses and horticultural trees as the main source for livestock food in this technology. The growth of trees, grasses, hedgerows, and other fruit trees that always greening the land is a sign of improved carbon sequestration on the land, in the forms of above dan below ground biomass. Composting the manure through biogas production for household energy will convert more carbon into CO2, and returning the compost to the land will fertile the soil and increases the level of organic carbon in the soil, thus improves more carbon sequestration into the soil |
The growth of various crops, green fodder, and trees will conserve the water and topsoil losses, therefore more water availability and soil productivity. More trees and land cover will improve better micro climate, less hot, and more humidity. Reduce the strength of the wind and protect food crops from excessive sunlight exposure. This will provide a better guarantee for crop harvest. More complex agricultural system will usually improve the resilience of food crops to harsh climate. Thus provide better food crop adaptability to climate change.|
In LAYLIFE, Land covered by various food crops, tubers, grasses, hedgerows, timber, horticultural trees, and many other plants, as compared to land mostly use only for grains production in monoculture agriculture, show the significant increase in biodiversity. Different crops will attract diversity in insects and other organism above and below ground, making ecological revival and returning the more complex ecological agricultural system. Improved water availability, humidity, and micro climate will also trigger to more flora lives and consequently the herbivore and other fauna. Returning the manure or compost to the land will fertilize the soil, improved the organic matter contain of the soil that are the main source of energy and food for soil organism.|

是否进行了成本效益分析？

是否进行了成本效益分析？:

否

该技术是否传播/引进到其他地方？

该技术是否传播/引进到其他地方？:

是

传播/引进到哪里？:

Lombok Islands|Sumbawa Islands|East Java|Lampung|West Java|East Nusa Tenggara

是否提供了促进采用该技术的奖励措施？

是否提供了促进采用该技术的奖励措施？:

是

具体说明激励的类型:

• 政策或监管激励（例如，与市场需求和法规、进出口、国外投资、研发支持等相关）
• 财务激励（例如优惠利率、国家援助、补贴、现金补助、贷款担保等）

您能否确定目前最佳实践/技术成功的三个主要条件？

Simplicity and flexibility in adoption of this technology make everyone can implement this "Pagar Tejo" technology easily and starts it its own LAYLIFE. For the poor the sign of improved livelihood can be enjoyed during the first six months in program. For Indonesia situation, 1000 US$ can transfer the poor into the prosper household within 1,5-2 year program.|
Keen strugle from the founder of LAYLIFE and the Craken Foundation members that this technology can change the world. This technology is replicable elsewhere in Indonesia and most region in the tropical belt with some level of adaptation. In wetter region, caring for livestocks tending should be given priority due to deseases attacks. |
Huge economic benefit from the implementation of LAYLIFE has trigger the willingness of many people to develop one in their land.

可复制性

在您看来，您所提出的最佳实践/技术可以复制到其他地方，尽管有一定程度的适应？:

是

适应程度如何？:

• 地方
• 次国家
• 国家
• 次区域
• 区域
• 国际

人力资源相关

Best implementation of this technology should be initiated with a short empowerment program, and continued with self financed empowerment by members.
|Start with people/farmers who are most ready to change their poor life to prosperity.|Start with people who own land at least 0.10 ha, the larger land the better.

与财务方面有关

Involve rich people to the program in case that investation is limited.
|One time Cash Grant with empowerment is adequate to initiate economic development that never ended.|Combination of grant and credits will be best suited for self relience.

与技术方面有关

Can be implemented in many climate region from about subhumid tropic to wetland all around the world, as long as green fodder and timber can be produced and livestocks can be raised.
|Easily adapted using crops, trees, plants, and livestocks of local species.