最佳实践的简短描述

Rain water use and storage
Eco friendly sustainable agriculture
Develop waste land, sloppy land and forest land (control of erosion loss Kitchen gardens  for nutritional security
Testing of SRI and mixed cropping )Soil conservation, land shaping, pasture development, vegetative bunding

地点

Western Orissa

如果该位置有明确的边界，请以公顷为单位说明其延伸范围。:

250.0

居住在该地区的估计人口:

4000.0

指定地点内的自然环境简介。

Red and yellow soils in association with black soils are found in Paikmal. Occurrence of black soils could be attributed to limestone parent material in these areas and such materials transported by Ong river and its tributaries.
Topography is undulating. At the ridge crest
are the upland and at the upper slopes the bunded
and unbunded lands are locally called as 'Att' and
'Mal' respectively. Valley bottom lands  constitute lowlands are called 'Bahal'; lower valley
side lands constituting the medium lands are called
'Berna'
Climate of district is characterised by a very hot dry summer and well distributed rains in the south-west monsoon season. Cold season commences from Nov & lasts till February end. Hot season is Feb- June. South-west monsoon season is from mid-June to the end-September.

居住在该地点及/或附近居民的普遍社会经济状况

Main income sources: - Agriculture is the primary income source with 70% families depending on it. Daily wage and non-timber forest produce (NTFP) sources are the second.  
70% landed with marginal and medium holding the most; 30% are landless. Poor soil condition, high land degradation, high soil erosion because keep the productivity very low and the poor suffer the most. Distressed out migration has become a regular feature of the area.|
Land ownership correlates with control over other resources in this area. In some pockets land ownership is there but the actual land owners are in acute poverty condition. Due to other related socio economic condition people mortgage the land in low prices for maintenance or survival.

根据哪些标准和/或指标（与战略无关），在确定建议的实践和相应的技术是否被认为是“最佳”时，应该基于哪些标准和/或指标（与战略无关）？

Consensus evolved during the National Consultation process.

最佳实践解决的主要问题

• Increased variability of Rainfall and Temperature
• Post monsoon rainfall, particularly October rainfall
• Mean temperature rises, which may cause less rice yield.
|• Increasing episodes of drought.
• Vulnerable food production that’s dwindling fast.
• Drought in the forests and decreased nutrition intake of the villagers.
• Increased distressed migration.
|Only Environmentally sound technology is not enough to ensure Sustainable Agriculture
Economic, political, and cultural developments, even if far removed from the farm and village level, oppress the life of farmers and the farming community.
|Poverty can only worsen if farmers are not protected by a proper policy environment that insulates them from destructive technologies, abusive creditors, exploitative traders, usurious land tenure arrangements, gender bias, and disempowerment

概述最佳实践解决的具体土地退化问题

The topography of the area, which is at the foothills of Gandhamardan hill ranges, one of the biological hot spots on the Eastern Ghats, is such that with little disturbance (including changing weather condition) in the vegetation cover on the hills and lands below it the land get severely eroded.  |

具体说明最佳实践的目标

Increase fertility of soil through multiplicity of ecological interventions that include water harvesting; land leveling; organic fertilizer and manure use; proper forest conservation and management; livestock management.|Increase water retention capacity of the villages by harvesting as much as rainwater as possible and promoting judicious and equitable distribution and management of the water resources.|Promoting ecologically sustainable agriculture practices and land management activities that help increase agricultural productivity; maintain crop diversity; promote indigenous climate resistant techniques and ensure equitable distribution among all the villagers including landless people and vulnerable sections like women and aged.  |Promote awareness and institutional capacity building -to spread education on impacts of the project so that scope of replicability enhances and more and more land can be reverted back from getting degraded under the current process of desertification.

按目标对主要活动进行简要的描述

Land leveling, bund strengthening, etc|Water harvesting at crop field level|Preparation of organic manures, fertilizers; seeds conservation and preservation; seeds bank formation, etc.
Short time period for sowing rainfed crops in residual moisture. |Pre rabi crop coverage. Short duration varieties of rabi crops. |Good forest management to help promote soil carbon retention by selecting species best suited to the changed climate and by adopting practices that increases forest productivity and reduce carbon losses.
Gully plugging; small water harvesting structures|Renovation of different types and kinds of traditional water bodies; restoring wells|Institutional arrangements to manage and distribute water from common property resources.

技术开发机构的名称和地址

Manav Adhikar Seva Samiti (MASS)|Dhanupali, Sambalpur 768 005, Orissa, India

这项技术是合作开发的吗?

是

列出合作伙伴:

Lok Bikash Manch (A district level NGO network promoted by the project)|Pragati Mahasangha (people’s federation promoted by the project)|Farmers Clubs ( periphery villages of Operational village)|MIC ( Migration Information Center)

具体说明该技术推广的框架

• 地方自主性
• 基于方案/项目的倡议

当地利益相关者（包括CSO）的参与是否促进了技术的开发？

是

列出涉及的当地利益相关者:

WORLP ( Western Orissa Rural Livelihood Project)|Watershed department programme of Govt. of Orissa.|Block Agriculture department|Pani Panchayats.
(These organisations have participated in the programme in different capacities from time to time)

对于上面列出的利益相关者，说明他们在该技术的设计、引入、使用和维护（如果有的话）中的角色。

Most of the institutional stakeholders have participated in the programme at various times at different roles, mostly in visiting the programmes, learning from it and suggesting measures.  For the people’s and civil society organisations involved they have participated in it as learners & replicator|

居住在该地区和/或附近的居民是否参与了该技术的开发？

是

通过什么手段？:

• 咨询
• 参与途径

描述现场影响（按类别划分的两类主要影响）

Land based netting system irrigation in farming land has contributed maximum rain water in productivity field. Improvement in non-farm sectors along with farming sector has created employment opportunity for at least 200 unemployed youth in the area.
Water retention capacity of traditional water harvesting structures of the villages has increased by at least 40 per cent.  Some local streams, which were on the verge of extinction, have started flowing again|
By the use of forest , improving land, human resource and skill 1000 families have got alternative income avenues under farm and non-farm sectors. Decreased migration has helped in increased production in crop fields by 50% as a result of increased manpower in production.|
Access of needy villagers to schemes and entitlements such as the NREGS , Old Age Pension; Indira Awas Yojana; Antodaya and Annapurna schemes; agriculture insurance; Mo Jami Mo Diha; Janani Surakshya Yojna; forest development , Water, Public Distribution System (PDS, FRA ( Forest Right Act) etc|
Now 50 women self help groups have been able to save an amount around six lakh rupees and carrying out small scale business (agriculture, forest based and other types) successfully under a federation formed with support of the project.  At least 300 women have directly benefited |
Degradation of land & soil has been checked to a maximum extent.  At least 400 ha of land has been developed, restored and brought back to productive agriculture.  Forest coverage, water retention and ecological agricultural practices have improved the soil condition. |
Wild life species, especially bird species have re-emerged in the area with increased forestry and water coverage.|
Socio-cultural empowerment of the people has happened

描述两个主要的场外影响（即不是发生在现场，而是发生在周围区域）

Water Initiatives Orissa, a network of civil society and other stakeholders, has promoted this type of activities, taking a clue from here, in many other places of the state.  The model has got widespread media coverage including a recent special feature in the NDTV.|
Peripheral villages of the project area have taken up similar efforts and in other parts of the block and district; even in nearby districts this model is being followed

对生物多样性和气候变化的影响

解释原因:

While the temperature of western Orissa is rising in a trend that is more than the state average, the impact of the increase is directly falling on the forest and soil productivity.By making a cushioning impact through these combination of efforts the project is successfully coping to climate change|

是否进行了成本效益分析？

是否进行了成本效益分析？:

否

该技术是否传播/引进到其他地方？

该技术是否传播/引进到其他地方？:

是

传播/引进到哪里？:

At Jujumura Block in Sambalpur district|At  Padampur Block in Bargarh district through the network ‘Lok Bikash Manch’ by 13 local NGOs|In Paikmal Block, in at least 12 peripheral villages of the project area.

您能否确定目前最佳实践/技术成功的三个主要条件？

The continuous drought condition in an area where drought was not seen before had already made people so much vulnerable that they were looking for some direction to fight this situation.  This became the first condition for achieving success in this model.  
Traditional water harvesting and management techniques have been a rich heritage of the entire central highlands including this area.  Any region with such traditional knowledge and techniques can replicate this approach with small local technological and social additions/adaptability approaches
These villages have been champions of forest protection traditionally, therefore, when the project talked about forest protection and management as one of the important components to arrest desertification, the people easily agreed to it and got organized|

可复制性

在您看来，您所提出的最佳实践/技术可以复制到其他地方，尽管有一定程度的适应？:

是

适应程度如何？:

• 地方
• 次国家
• 国家

人力资源相关

Community Resource Person strategy, that was applied in the project, is a community to community cross learning approach. It is now established that poor can meet most of their needs by coming together. It is with this conviction many institutions of the poor have been promoted in the project.  This will bring sustainability|Human resource, with appropriate knowledge, skills, abilities and aptitudes, is very crucial for not only delivering the goods and services for poor but also for the sustainability of these institutions. In this context ‘project objectives’ tried to understand the variety of human capital required and the scale in which it is required to work with/for the poor in meeting the needs of the latter. Our learning in this was successful|The project involved a cross section of people and institutions like women, farmers, tribal, dalit, teachers, Self Help Groups , Farmers club, Panchayatiraj representative, minorities, local activists, local persons having traditional, medicinal man (Badya) for successful implementation.

与财务方面有关

Such projects need long term financial commitments from donors, which unfortunately, we did not get from any corner|The government programmes that have been integrated into the project are having the problem of lack of flexibility in approaches.  That makes it difficult in real integration. Still the project has tried to integrate it to substantial success levels|Promoting low cost (financially) technologies that the people themselves can manage has been a good experience.  This also has vast replicability

与技术方面有关

Using local technologies not only revives some of the age old sustainable models of development but brings back the confidence level in the poor farmers who have, over the years, lost all faith in their own capabilities.  The project achieved very good success in this|The nation needs to develop several low cost technologies based on non-conventional energy sources which we think is lacking at the moment.  If such technologies can be developed and promoted widely they could successfully integrate into local technology to arrest the process of desertification and mitigate climate change wonderfully