最佳实践的简短描述

The following environmentally friendly rural practices were developed and applied in vineyards and orchards:
• Contour tillage, • Forest belts;
• The channels for water retention and evacuation which are built with a secondary inclination of up to 1.5 degrees as opposed to the slope inclination;
• The land dams capture the water flowing down the slope and distribute it into a channel for its evacuation;
• Barriers in the way of the water are built of any agricultural waste: straw, tree branches, twigs, etc., which are fixed in places where the rain usually forms rivulets;
• Perennial grassed waterways; • Each 3-5th row is grassed.
Arable lands are protected from erosion through:
• Contour farming, • Strip cropping,
• Buffer stripes planted with perennial plants resistant to draught;
• Tree planting on the land affected by landslides and soil erosion;
Integrated plant protection actions are carried out, which allowed fewer treatments with chemicals and prevented a certain amount of soil and water pollution;
• Plantation and maintenance works are carried out in the restored forest;
• Cleaning of natural springs (11) in the forest and their protection is ensured;
• Plantation of forest species trees around the homes in the village.
• Actions for waste management, cleaning village streets and maintaining the order on the village territory and surroundings are carried out, the activity being under permanent control.|

地点

Tartaul de Salcie village, Cahul district, Republic of Moldova|

如果该位置有明确的边界，请以公顷为单位说明其延伸范围。:

50.0

居住在该地区的估计人口:

1300.0

指定地点内的自然环境简介。

Tartaul de Salcie belongs to the Pri-Danube steppe pedologic region. Clay-sandy carbonated chernozem is predominant on the territory of the village.The intensification of the erosion process conducts to certain compaction of upper horizons.  The drainage porosity is big in the weakly and moderately eroded soils and medium in heavily eroded soils. There is a big impact of the erosion degree on the resistance to penetration. There is a danger of soils alcalization in case it is irrigated.
The landscape is hilly, very fragmented with a dense network of valleys. Almost 85% of the land is situated on slope. About 60% of land has a gradient from 2 to 6 degree, while 25% of land has an inclination exceeding 6 degree. Water erosion processes are widespread and quite intense. The predominant length of the hillsides in Tartaul de Salcie is over 1000 m.|
Climate is moderately continental: the summers are warm and long, with temperatures averaging about 22°C, and the winters are relatively mild and dry, with January temperatures averaging -2°C. Annual rainfall, which ranges from around 500 millimeters; long dry spells are not unusual. The heaviest rainfall occurs in summer; heavy showers and thunderstorms are common.|

居住在该地点及/或附近居民的普遍社会经济状况

The sources of income are agricultural corps, mainly grapes and walnuts for sale, but also vegetables for own consumption.  People also have cows and sheep in their household, mainly for own consumption and some extra for sale.|
People in the community have land plots of about 2 to 4 hectares per household which belongs to them and they have title deeds and land maps to prove it.  The main problem relates to registration and legalization of sale or inheritance of land which is bureaucratized and expensive. The principal landowner in the village is the association of shareholders “TarSalAgro”.
Income level in the area depends much on the amount of precipitation and also on market access and prices, but on the average for the last 3 years the estimated income per capita per month was  38 US dollars per month. |

根据哪些标准和/或指标（与战略无关），在确定建议的实践和相应的技术是否被认为是“最佳”时，应该基于哪些标准和/或指标（与战略无关）？

- Improvement of farm crops productivity,
- Existence of a framework for soil and water conservation and local responsibility for landscape conservation
- Reduction of the soil and water loss,
- Improvement of the soil properties.|

最佳实践解决的主要问题

- Soil erosion,
|- soil fertility,
|- water scarcity,|- low productivity of crops.

概述最佳实践解决的具体土地退化问题

- Control of runoff,
- maintain/ increase soil fertility,
- increase/maintain water stored in soil.|

具体说明最佳实践的目标

- Promoting the adoption of environmentally friendly rural practices by farmer associations, family farms, individual farmers and rural population;
|- promoting sustainable use of land and natural resources in the project pilot area.

按目标对主要活动进行简要的描述

1. Development of environmentally friendly rural practices.
|2. Use of good agricultural practices by farmer associations, family farms and individual farmers on cropland.
- Public awareness and education.
|-  Monitoring and evaluation.
- Combine income generation with land management, such as planting rows of currant bushes against soil loss with torrential rains and making preserves of the currant (jams, jelly) for sale.
|- Give up unproductive land use practices, such as burning of stubble or vine branches and providing advice on
Learn to obtain income by using less inputs and adapting to local climate

这项技术是合作开发的吗?

是

列出合作伙伴:

CRSSEC, RISSA, Romania, RIBPP, RISSA, NFFM, NGO BP, Moldova.|

具体说明该技术推广的框架

• 地方自主性

当地利益相关者（包括CSO）的参与是否促进了技术的开发？

是

列出涉及的当地利益相关者:

LPA, farmers, teachers, District Ecological Agency, • „TarSalAgro” JSC|

对于上面列出的利益相关者，说明他们在该技术的设计、引入、使用和维护（如果有的话）中的角色。

• LPA, farmers, „TarSalAgro” JSC, teachers were the stakeholders who requested NGO BIOS to develop and promote the initiative.
• District Ecological Agency supported community and NGO BIOS in implementation and promotion  of environmentally friendly practices in community and in the South region of Moldova.
• Central Research Station for Soil Erosion Control, Perieni, Romania - developed together with NGO BIOS the land management plan.
• Research Institute of Soil Science & Agrochemistry, Chisinau - performed together with NGO BIOS soil research.
• Research Institute for Soil Science & Agrochemistry, Bucharest, Romania - organised together with NGO BIOS Conference on sustainable agriculture.
• NGO “Biodiversity Protection” - performed inventory of flora species according to existing classifications.  For each site improvement actions were recommended having in mind their usefulness for the local population, conservation of a certain area aiming at its inclusion in an ecological tourist route
• Research Institute of Biological Plant Protection - developed integrated pest management practices and monitored their implementation.
• Research Institute of Agriculture Agrochemical Service - performed water research.
• National Farmers Federation of Moldova was co-organizer together with NGO BIOS of awareness building campaign and training for NFFM trainers in environmentally friendly practices.|

居住在该地区和/或附近的居民是否参与了该技术的开发？

是

通过什么手段？:

• 参与途径

描述现场影响（按类别划分的两类主要影响）

While illegal cutting of trees still occurs, people started planting forest species of trees on all spare spaces in the village, which improved the environment and compensates for earlier loss of tree cutting without replacement planting. |
Community cohesion has improved.  People became less isolated through participation in meetings, training events, exchange opinions more frequently and assist each other. |
Productivity is paramount, since is guarantees future income.  For the soil to be productive for many years ahead sustainable technologies were proposed and implemented.  Thus, while the crops have not increased much, the replacement of mineral nutrients with manure diminished expenditures and neede|
Changes included cleaner community and cleaner households, better use of existing resources, more attention to hygiene.   |

描述两个主要的场外影响（即不是发生在现场，而是发生在周围区域）

In Zarnesti village (about 30 km away) people also plant forest species of trees on spare public  land, which was earlier a place where people threw waste. In Beleu Nature Reserve (about 50 km away)  Cahul Scaut Association implemented various environmentally protected actions. Comrat University (40 km) included study tours for students to Tartaul de Salcie site.  |
Cahul District Executive Committee organise in Tartaul de Salcie meetings related to agro-environmental issues.

对生物多样性和气候变化的影响

解释原因:

Environmentally friendly rural practices implemented in Tartaul de Salcie improved soil properties, water quality, restored forests, planted forest belts, i.e. they create very good conditions for the development of agricultural biodiversity and wild biodiversity in farming landscapes. |
Environmentally friendly rural practices are one of the main sink of carbon dioxide. Thus, they have a positively impact on climate change mitigation. |
Environmentally friendly rural practices are in harmony with Nature and they positively impact on climate change adaptation

是否进行了成本效益分析？

是否进行了成本效益分析？:

否

该技术是否传播/引进到其他地方？

该技术是否传播/引进到其他地方？:

是

传播/引进到哪里？:

1. Grinauti village, Edinet district, |2. Cirpesti village, Cantemir district, |Dusmani village Glodeni district|Baimaclia commune, Cantemir district.

是否提供了促进采用该技术的奖励措施？

是否提供了促进采用该技术的奖励措施？:

是

具体说明激励的类型:

• 财务激励（例如优惠利率、国家援助、补贴、现金补助、贷款担保等）

您能否确定目前最佳实践/技术成功的三个主要条件？

2. Support of local entrepreneurs and local authorities
1. Bad weather conditions which led to financial problems and the need to learn new things.
3. Clearly expressed objectives and expectations in respect to individual benefits.  All these can be replicated anywhere.

可复制性

在您看来，您所提出的最佳实践/技术可以复制到其他地方，尽管有一定程度的适应？:

是

人力资源相关

Show sincere interest in people's life and their problems.  Seek expertise among wise village people and encourage them to share it.  Accept people as they are and provide assistance for their growth.

与财务方面有关

Teach people to save and plan.  Advice them that wise investment always pays off.  Teach them to invest more in things they treasure most (family, health, land, local forests, etc.) proportionally.  |

与技术方面有关

Try out and experiment with new things on a small scale, so that failure does not affect income significantly. |