最佳实践的简短描述

The best practice involves application of Conservation Agriculture (CA) practices, namely, minimum tillage, crop rotation, continuous soil cover and agroforestry combined with measures for efficient use of soil nutrients to improve crop yields an increase soil organic matter.|

地点

Kamuli, Kaliro, Nakaseke, Nakasongola, Lyantonde and Sembabule districts of Uganda.|

指定地点内的自然环境简介。

The region receives rainfall ranging from 800-1200mm annually. Experiences two rainy seasons in March-Jne and August-November. Region experiences frequent and severe ry spells.
Region mostly flat with intermittent undulating hills.
Highly weathered Ferrlsols, shallow soils with very low nutrient reserves, soils predominantly degraded through soil erosion.|

居住在该地点及/或附近居民的普遍社会经济状况

Tenure sytems vary over the different districts. For example, Kamuli and Kaliro districts mainly have customary tenure; Nakaseke and Nakasongola have mailo land and leasehold tenure; Sembabule and Lyanonde districts have public land and leasehold tenure.|
Most of the households rely on crop and livestock enterprises, particularly annual crops such as maize, millet, sorghum, beans, ground nuts and soya beans for both income and food security; while Sembabule and Lyantonde districts have public land and leasehold tenure.|
Population mainly rural based subsistence smallholders and agropastoral communities with over 50% living under poverty.

根据哪些标准和/或指标（与战略无关），在确定建议的实践和相应的技术是否被认为是“最佳”时，应该基于哪些标准和/或指标（与战略无关）？

(i) Technically feasible;
(ii) Economical;
(iii) Environmentally friendly;
(iv) Socially acceptable.

最佳实践解决的主要问题

(a) Control of soil erosion;
(b) Low crop yields;
(c) Lack of resiliency to climate variability;
(d) High labour costs;
(e)Soil nutrient depletion.

概述最佳实践解决的具体土地退化问题

(a) Soil erosion;
(b) Soil nutrient depletion.

具体说明最佳实践的目标

(a) To reduce land degradation and increase resiliency of annual cropping systems to climate variability through promoting the application of CA practices;
(b) To increase efficiency in use of soil nutrients and tillage technologies to increase crop productivity, food security and household incomes.|

按目标对主要活动进行简要的描述

1. Establishment of permanent planting basins across the slope before onset of rains;
2. Application of manure or inorganic basal fertilisers in the basins and covered with soil;
3. Ensure early planting at onset of rains;
4. Application of pre-emergence herbicides.
1. Ensure optimum plant populations in each basin at planting and take care to increase the survival rates;
2. Mulch the established crop to conserve soil moisture, increase soil organic matter and suppress weeds;
3. Apply top dressing fertilisers in each basin as appropriate to increase crop vigour, biomass, resistance to pests/ diseases, and effective flowering and filling;
4. After harvesting, cut down the crop straw and use it to mulch in-between the planting rows.|5. Open the planting basins for next season planting after harvesting the previous season's crop when the soil is still soft;
6. Implement a crop rotation system for the next planting season.

本技术的简要说明和技术规范

The identified site is slashed in preparation for construction of permanent planting basins. The basins are constructed using a hand hoe across the slope, with dimensions  of: width 15cm; depth 15cm;  and length 35cm. The distance from one basin to the next in the row is 35cm and the distance between rows is 75cm. Preparation for planting includes application of agricultural lime in basins where soils are acidic, application of basal fertilisers especially Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) one soda bottle top. Where not affordable, application of organic manure (one half-litre cup) should be added and covered with soil up to 10cm depth. Select clean and healthy seeds and ensure early planting at the onset of rains. Seed rates e.g. fr maize 3 seeds per basin, beans 6 seeds per basin, ground nuts 6 seeds per basin, soyabean 8 seeds per basin and cotton 4 seeds per basin. Apply Glyphosate herbicides at pre-emergence stage. Apply additional mulch in-between rows after the plant have established. For cereal crops, you may apply nitrogen fertilisers.|

技术开发机构的名称和地址

Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Inustry and Fisheries (MAAIF) |P.O. Box 102, Entebbe, Uganda
Tel. +256-414-343696 (off)
Tel. +256-752-642536; +256-717-852104
E-mail. smuwaya@yahoo.com

这项技术是合作开发的吗?

是

列出合作伙伴:

1. Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Inimal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF);
2. Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) Secretariat;
3. Zambia Conservation Farming Unit (CFU);
4. Rural Enterprise Development Services (REDS); and
5. National Agriculture Research organisation (NARO).|

具体说明该技术推广的框架

• 基于方案/项目的倡议
• 其它（请具体说明）

具体说明:

N/A

当地利益相关者（包括CSO）的参与是否促进了技术的开发？

是

列出涉及的当地利益相关者:

(a) 14 community groups from 6 dryland districts
(b) 6 District Local Governments

对于上面列出的利益相关者，说明他们在该技术的设计、引入、使用和维护（如果有的话）中的角色。

1. MAAIF - Integrated CA in SLM programme implemented in 6 districts; trained 14 community groups and supplied inputs and monitoring of activities;
2. COMESA Secretariat - Facilitate capacity building, awareness raising and support catalytic activities through study tours to Zambia;
3. Zambia CFU - Provide best practices and on-ground experience to Uganda officials and training of trainers.
4. REDS - Provide local training and extension services, input supply to farmers in some districts of Uganda;
5. District Local Governments (DLGs) - Identify community groups, procure CA inputs, supervise and monitor progress of CA activities in the respective districts, collect data on results of CA demos and provide progress reports.
6. Communities - Provide land and manage demo plots.|

居住在该地区和/或附近的居民是否参与了该技术的开发？

是

通过什么手段？:

• 参与途径
• 其它（请具体说明）

具体说明:

N/A

描述现场影响（按类别划分的两类主要影响）

Under the conventional cropping system, farmers on average receive maize yields of 750 kg/ha. Farmers who practiced CA received yields between 1500-2250 kg/ha in the first cropping season and this is expected to increase a they perfect the practice.|
None
Increased yields from CA practice provide additional benefits of food security and better incomes.
Efficient nutrient management increased he biomass production which provides mulch and increases soil organic matter, hence higher productivity of the soil.|
With the continuous return of crop residues as mulch over soil, there is increasing build up of soil organic matter.|
Farmers are able to produce more with less labour as CA helps them to distribute their labor e.g. by preparation of permanent planting basins in the dry season when labour is idle and reduce the drudgery by using herbicides for weed control. This is frees school children and women to do other work.
None
The minimum tillage drastically reduces soil erosion. The permanent planting basins constructed across slopes act as sinks to absorb run-off water, hence preventing erosion. Mulching equally deters movement of soil particles during rains.|

描述两个主要的场外影响（即不是发生在现场，而是发生在周围区域）

Controlling soil erosion in annual cropping systems represents a significant step in controlling siltation of major water bodies f international importance such as Lake Victoria and Lake Kyoga.
Carbon sequestration - Continuous application of organic matter through return of residues increases soil carbon.

对生物多样性和气候变化的影响

解释原因:

Continuous application of crop residues increases soil organic matter and below ground biodiversity as humus is a source of food for many microorganisms. The added OM contributes to sequestration of carbon contributing to climate change mitigation while the increased resilience of the crop to drought with application of OM contributes to climate change adaptation.

是否进行了成本效益分析？

是否进行了成本效益分析？:

否

该技术是否传播/引进到其他地方？

该技术是否传播/引进到其他地方？:

是

传播/引进到哪里？:

Other sub-counties in the 6 project istricts.

是否提供了促进采用该技术的奖励措施？

是否提供了促进采用该技术的奖励措施？:

是

具体说明激励的类型:

• 财务激励（例如优惠利率、国家援助、补贴、现金补助、贷款担保等）

您能否确定目前最佳实践/技术成功的三个主要条件？

Improved incomes - this provided a big incentive for the farming groups as they are able to meet their household needs and save some money for investment.
Technically sound but simple - The practice is very simple, does not require specialised skills and can be easily done by men, women and chaildren.|
Cost effective operations - The activities are cost effective since operations are not labour intensive and the labour requirements are spread out throughout the year, even in the dry season when labour is idle.|

可复制性

在您看来，您所提出的最佳实践/技术可以复制到其他地方，尽管有一定程度的适应？:

是

适应程度如何？:

• 地方
• 次国家
• 国家
• 区域

人力资源相关

1. The practice has been effective in ensuring distribution of labour as opposed to the labour bottlenecks created by the conventional farming systems.
2. The use of herbicides to control weeds saves a lot of time and labour that can be put to other productive uses or even give the farmers time to rest in preparation for other activities.

与技术方面有关

1. The practice has proved to be technically simple and can be easily carried out by all classes of farmers.
2. The partnerships created enable the farmers to access genuine inputs locally ad timely to enable them plant the crops on time.