最佳实践的简短描述

The best practice was introduced by the project Sustainable Grassland Management project. The project has 4 immediate objectives to reach the desired achievements and outputs in managing the grasslands sustainable:
1. To strengthen existing customary forms of co-operation among herders within and between local communities of land users
2. To facilitate the articulation of the new herder communities to other communities and to wider governance structures, mainly the Bagh and the soum
3. To build the capacity of herder community associations to negotiate with third party providers for inputs and services
4. To strengthen the ability of central government to create and manage an appropriate legal and economic environment for sustainable herder and grassland development.
The expected outcomes were identified as follows:
1. Herders apply tested models of cooperative resource management specifically developed for their ecological zone, based on customary forms of cooperation.
2. The rights of herders and their investments in improving resources are secured through formalized grazing rights
3. Herder community associations have the capacity to identify economic opportunities for the members and to negotiate service contract with outside providers
4. Local best practices are disseminated on a significant scale through herder-to-herder and community-to-community learning and emulation
5. Effective co-management leading to better land use planning and coordination achieved through co-management structures involving Baghh and Soum governments and herders
6. Improved capacity of central decision-making bodies (MoFA, MNE and Parliament Standing Committees) to commission, carry out and use policy research to draft new policies and legislation in the livestock and grassland management sector|

地点

In 12 Soums of Selenge, Bayankhongor and Ovorkhangai aimags(provinces of Mongolia).|

如果该位置有明确的边界，请以公顷为单位说明其延伸范围。:

22004400.0

居住在该地区的估计人口:

287200.0

指定地点内的自然环境简介。

These 3 aimags represent the major ecological zones of Mongolia as steppe, forest steppe, desert
steppe and high mountains. The Climate refers to the climate zones of steppe, forest steppe, desert steppe and high mountains. |
Soil in Mongolia has been divided into the following:
   1. Black soil is found in Khangai, Khentii, Khovsgol provinces, Mongol Altai and Ih Hyangan Mountain ranges, and the in the Orhon, Selenge, Onon and Ulz river valleys which are in the forest steppe region.
   2. Brown soil is in the forest steppe and steppe region 1,000-1,200 meters above sea level. The content of humus is 35% in dark brown, 23% brown, 1.62% in light brown soil.|
The topography of Mongolia consists mainly of a plateau with the elevation ranging from 914 and 1524 m (about 3000 and 5000 ft) broken by mountain ranges in the north and west. The Altai Mountains in the southwest rise to heights above 4267 m (14,000 ft). The Gobi covers a wide arid tract in the central and southeastern areas. The most important rivers are the Selenge Mörön and its tributary, the Orhon Gol, in the north. Large lakes include the Har Us, Hyargas, Uvs, and Hövsgöl.

居住在该地点及/或附近居民的普遍社会经济状况

Mongolian Land Law adopted in 2002 and Constitution (1992) recognises the state ownership of pastures, forests, and subsoil and water resources, thus making private ownership of these resources impossible.The Law on Land provides rights for ownership, possession, use and limited use. Possession rights may be held by citizens, economic entities and organisations for up to 60 years, with the right to extension for additional periods of 40 years. |
Livestock breeding and crop production
The minimum income per person in these 3 aimags is around $150/month.

根据哪些标准和/或指标（与战略无关），在确定建议的实践和相应的技术是否被认为是“最佳”时，应该基于哪些标准和/或指标（与战略无关）？

The most influencing factor for the desertification in Mongolia is the harmful use of pasture. The improvement of the pasture land management plays very significant role for combating desertification. The long-term goal of the project is to increase the welfare of herding families through the sustainable management of Mongolian grasslands.
So based on this the practice was considered as "best".

最佳实践解决的主要问题

The understanding of herders about the positive results of the pasture land management. It takes long time to convince the herders that they believe or see the good results.  

概述最佳实践解决的具体土地退化问题

Without understanding about the importance of introducing or using the pasture land management by the herders or herders' groups will be very difficult. So preparatory activities have to done longer time.
Some kind of financial assistance was important tool to convince the herders. Specially for the starting period it is important.

具体说明最佳实践的目标

There were 4 immediate objectives to reach the desired achievements and outputs in managing the grasslands sustainable:
1. To strengthen existing customary forms of co-operation among herders within and between local communities of land users
2. To facilitate the articulation of the new herder communities to other communities and to wider governance structures, mainly the Bagh and the soum
|3. To build the capacity of herder community associations to negotiate with third party providers for
inputs and services
4. To strengthen the ability of central government to create and manage an appropriate legal and economic environment for sustainable herder and grassland development.

按目标对主要活动进行简要的描述

In order to improve co-management of pasture utilization there were established Co-management Committees at soum level and ensured sustainable operation of pasture improvement funds, and organized regular meetings and conferences “Pasture management and community participation".|
Capacity building and strengthening of communities was done through awareness raising, information sharing, demonstrations, herder-to-herder training, and conducting on-site training on improving pasture and water management, and developing herder’s technical and business skills.|
There are 72 herder communities formed a group on their own initiative in target 12 soums of three target aimags exercising full decision making and full responsibility for the actions which will lead to their increased strength and empowerment.
One of the goals of the practice is to link herding communities to soum and bagh government through establishing co-management structures over the management of grassland resources. With the support of the project, co-management committees were created in 12 soums of target aimags.|

本技术的简要说明和技术规范

Establishment of new herder groups and provide trainings for them. This project relied on national institutions to conduct research activities, studies, and trainings
whenever the expertise existed “in-house”, instead on relying systematically on external specialists.|

技术开发机构的名称和地址

The "Sustainable pastureland management" project supported by the Government of Netherlands and UNDP.
webpage: www.undp.mn |Orient Plaza
G. Chagdarjav Street 9
1st khoroo, Sukhbaatar District
Ulaanbaatar-14210
Mongolia
Telephone: +976 11 327585
Fax:        +976 11 326221
E-mail: registry.mn@undp.org

这项技术是合作开发的吗?

是

列出合作伙伴:

The "Sustainable pastureland management" project supported by the Government of Netherlands and UNDP.

具体说明该技术推广的框架

• 国家倡议——非政府主导

当地利益相关者（包括CSO）的参与是否促进了技术的开发？

是

列出涉及的当地利益相关者:

Herders' groups
water users' groups

对于上面列出的利益相关者，说明他们在该技术的设计、引入、使用和维护（如果有的话）中的角色。

Herders' groups and water user groups used the approaches.

居住在该地区和/或附近的居民是否参与了该技术的开发？

是

通过什么手段？:

• 参与途径

描述现场影响（按类别划分的两类主要影响）

Herders' income generation had increased.
Number of herder groups were established and certain results are achieved.
Herders' groups understand the importance of collective actions to solve the problems.

描述两个主要的场外影响（即不是发生在现场，而是发生在周围区域）

Neighboring aimags and soums started to study the collective actions.
Local Governments in neighboring aimags and soums were interested to study the approaches.

对生物多样性和气候变化的影响

解释原因:

The herders will manage the activities effectively and it will play important role.
The approach will influence positively on biodiversity.

是否进行了成本效益分析？

是否进行了成本效益分析？:

否

该技术是否传播/引进到其他地方？

该技术是否传播/引进到其他地方？:

是

传播/引进到哪里？:

The approach was placed on the web site of MONCAT for public information

您能否确定目前最佳实践/技术成功的三个主要条件？

The climate change effect influence negatively for the herders' living conditions. The local Governments and herders are seeking the way to minimize the influence.
The herders' well being dependent on their sustainable use of pasture land.  
Herders started to understand the collective action's advantage.

可复制性

在您看来，您所提出的最佳实践/技术可以复制到其他地方，尽管有一定程度的适应？:

是

人力资源相关

In order to introduce the best practice to other aimags the well trained specialists are needed.

与财务方面有关

Initial funds for establishing the pasture or water user groups are important to motivate the herders.