1.2 参与方法评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 SLM技术问卷的参考

2.1 该方法的简要说明

To grow different fodder crop species (leguminous and graminous) for feeding livestock

2.2 该方法的详细说明

该方法的详细说明:

Aims / objectives: It is aimed to grow livestocks feed for reduce costs of inputs in farms. Ease of feeding by this way is another motivation. Fodder crops especially leguminous ones are also very useful for improving and protecting soil fertility. Therefore farmers who produce both crops and livestock prefer to grow fodder crops.

Methods: Leguminous (alfaalfa, soinfoin, vetch) and graminous (corn for silage, barley, wheat, oat, triticale, rye) fodder species are grown in different growing seasons. Graminous fodder species are grown annually, among the leguminous species. Alfaalfa, sainfain are perennial and vetch is an annual species. The fodder species can be grown under dry conditions except corn. Leguminous species can not grow well if there is not enough rainfall; therefore they need irrigation. Application of the approach is mostly forced by market conditions where meat incomes were gradually decreasing in the last years due to macroeconomic policies. Training of the farmers is achieved by state institutions, universities and NGO's in a rather discontinous and sporadic way.

Stages of implementation: Soil tillage, fertilizing the soil, sowing the seeds, irrigation, harvest (1 for graminous species several times for leguminous species). Starting the approach by individual farmers is done by traditional communication and sometimes by training activities.

Role of stakeholders: All stages of the technology application are performed by participants. Technology is applied by farmers who have all the facilities needed for technology. They get some subsidizes from the state because of promoting the fodder crop production. State organisations, universities and NGO's provide irregular training courses and demonstrations. Rare scientific studies in terms of advantages of approcah are conducted by universities and state research institutes.

2.3 该方法的照片

2.5 采用该方法的国家/地区/地点

2.6 该方法的开始和终止日期

2.7 方法的类型

• 最近的本地倡议/创新

2.8 该方法的主要目的/目标

The Approach focused on SLM only

To reduce fodder input expenses by livestock producers.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: The problems to be addressed by the approach mainly arise from drought which increases recently. Because fodder crops production mainly relies on natural rainfall in the region. Also, lack of technical knowledge is another problem. Governmental unstability for subsiding fodder crops is also one of the problem for maintaining the approach.

2.9 推动或妨碍实施本办法所适用的技术的条件

3.1 该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责

3.2 当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段

	当地土地使用者/当地社区的参与	指定参与人员并描述活动
启动/动机	自我动员
计划	自我动员
实施	自我动员
监测/评估	无
Research	无

3.3 流程图（如可用）

3.4 有关SLM技术选择的决策

具体说明谁有权决定选择要实施的技术:

• 仅限土地使用者（自主）

解释:

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by by land users* alone (self-initiative / bottom-up)

4.1 能力建设/培训

是否为土地使用者/其他利益相关者提供培训？:

是

明确受训人员:

• 土地使用者

4.3 机构强化（组织发展）

是否通过这种方法建立或加强了机构？:

• 是，少许

具体说明机构的强化或建立程度:

• 本地

具体说明支持类型:

• 财务

4.4 监测和评估

监测和评估是该方法的一部分吗？:

是

注释:

economic / production aspects were regular monitored by government, land users through measurements; indicators: amount of yield

area treated aspects were regular monitored by government through observations; indicators: for the subsidies

no. of land users involved aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff through measurements; indicators: None

management of Approach aspects were None monitored by None through observations; indicators: None

There were few changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Monitoring and evaluation activities have indirect and weak effect upon the approach since applicability of the approach is determined mostly by the demand of market.

There were few changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Monitoring activities are mostly aimed to determine the subsidy payment but not to assess the efficacity of the technology. But the results of research projects is supposed to have a small impact upon the application of technology.

4.5 研究

研究是该方法的一部分吗?

是

提供进一步的细节，并指出是谁做的研究:

Research was carried out on-farm

5.1 该方法中SLM组成部分的年度预算

如果不知道准确的年度预算，请给出一个范围:

• 10,000-100,000

注释（例如主要的资助来源/主要捐助者）:

Approach costs were met by the following donors: government (as subsidies): 20.0%; local community / land user(s): 80.0%

5.2 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援

土地使用者是否获得实施该技术的财政/物质支持？:

是

5.3 对特定投入的补贴（包括劳动力）

• 农业

5.4 信用

是否根据SLM活动的方法给予信用值？:

否

6.1 方法的影响

6.2 土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机

6.3 方法活动的可持续性

土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施（无外部支持的情况下）？:

• 不确定

若否或不确定，请具体说明并予以注释:

Governmental supports (subsidies) help to continue the approach. If subsidies are not given, land users can not afford easily the approach. Additionally, if the pressure of market is higher they might totaly abandon animal feeding.

6.4 该方法的长处/优点

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
It guarantees feeding their livestock. They are not affected from fluctuation in the price and presence of fodders in the market. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: By technical help.)
It reduces input costs. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: By financial support of government.)

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
It improves soil fertility. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: informing farmers to use certain fodder crops such as leguminous fodders.)
It helps farmers to reduce inputs costs. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: By continuous governmental support.)

6.5 该方法的弱点/缺点以及克服它们的方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Livestock production is stricted by municipality due to internal regulations.	By loosing legal constrains.
Farmers are getting avoid to produce livestocks.	By governmal regulations.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Drought greately effects yield	By increasing irrigation facilities, and hence state help.
It needs governmental support.	By stabilizing subsidies

7.1 方法/信息来源