1.2 参与方法评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

University of Bern, Institute of Geography (GIUB) - 瑞士

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Water Resource User Association Kapingazi - 肯尼亚

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

06/11/2012

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 该方法的简要说明

WRUA are associations of water users and riparian land owners who have associated for the purposes of cooperatively sharing, managing and conserving a common water resource.

2.2 该方法的详细说明

该方法的详细说明:

Aims / objectives: The overall objective is to facilitate everybody in the river sub-catchment with sufficient and good quality water supply even during dry spells. Further objectives are to conserve the water catchment, to manage the resources properly, to preserve riverine forests and the riparian ecosystem, stop pollution and establish water use rules that are broadly accepted.

Methods: The WRUA is an association of stakeholders who wants to achieve the objectives mentioned above. During the regular meetings each stakeholder can raise his voice, express his needs and vote in a democratic manner. For outsiders and the government it is also an official contact in terms of water resources.
The WRUA members arrive at a decision together and thus lead to a sustainable development. Together, they accomplish the activities mentioned below.

Stages of implementation: First, a WRUA needs to register at the regional WRMA (Water Resources Management Authority) office, this ensures legal security for the WRUA. The WRMA provides the WRUA with technical and administrative advisory and is part of the Ministry of Water and Irrigation. The members of the WRUA conduct a water abstraction survey in the sub-catchment to identify all legal and illegal water abstractions. It is crucial to know the accurate water flows before you can conserve the water resources. The goal is to convince illegal abstractors to apply for a permit to legalise the abstractions. The WRUA organises meetings, called barazzas, with the local chief and the riparian land users. In these meetings special conservation measures applied in the riparian area are discussed together with land management specialists. The conservation measures are cutting of water guzzling trees, planting of water-friendly indigenous trees, raise public awareness of pollution, rehabilitation of riverbanks and introduction of new technologies like drip irrigation and rooftop water harvesting.
To raise public awareness of the importance of the riparian area, the WRUA members conduct a pegging campaign along the main river of the sub-catchment. The water act 2002 dictates a riparian area of at least 6 metres on either side of the river. This area is being delineated to indicate the location of the protected to the land users.
During water shortages (for example a dry spell), the WRUA publishes rules for water abstractions to ensure water supply for all land users.

Other important information: Furthermore, the WRUA is an important tool for stakeholders for communication and conflict management related to water resources. Due to the immense importance of water for ecosystem services a proper management of this resource is required.

2.5 采用该方法的国家/地区/地点

2.6 该方法的开始和终止日期

2.7 方法的类型

• 基于项目/方案

2.8 该方法的主要目的/目标

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (conflict management, water resource management, )

The objective of implementing a governmental promoted association was to counter the numerous conflicts that have arisen around water resources. The water resources were distributed inequitably and the riparian ecosystem was damaged. Therefore WRUAs were built to improve water quality and increase water quantity by implementing protective measures in riparian zones, mediate conflicts concerning water, stop river pollution and establish water use rules.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: The WRUA was formed when some non-riparian water abstractors had no more water because the river was running dry. Meanwhile also bad land use practices in the riparian zones of Kapingazi river diminished water quality. Due to forest clearing close to the river, the soil lost its water storage capacity, even worse indigenous trees were replaced by water guzzling trees like eucalyptus. The knowledge about conservation measures in the riparian areas was very low.

2.9 推动或妨碍实施本办法所适用的技术的条件

3.1 该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责

3.2 当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段

	当地土地使用者/当地社区的参与	指定参与人员并描述活动
启动/动机	自我动员	Water users formed a group in 2000 where they discussed their problems concerning water abstraction and riparian protection.
计划	互动	The local land users as members of the WRUA and advisor from WRMA developed the method how to implement the protection measures.
实施	互动	The implementation took place at barazzas with local chiefs. The associated riparian land users came together and were informed by the members of the WRUA and a land use specialist about the advantages of riparian protection. The different measures like tree planting and introduction of Napier were communicated. Water unfriendly trees like Eucalyptus were recommended to be cut. Also, the background of water quality and improved drought resistance were teached. Seedlings were distributed.
监测/评估	自我动员	The monitoring is made by the WRUA. Members walk regularly along the river and point out positive and negative examples.
Research	无

3.3 流程图（如可用）

3.4 有关SLM技术选择的决策

具体说明谁有权决定选择要实施的技术:

• 主要是土地使用者，由SLM专家提供支持

解释:

The water act 2002 is a law to protect riparian zones. The implementation of the law is via the WRMA as a planner and technical advisor and the WRUA which promotes the protective measures.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by WRUA and WRMA. The water resource users association was the institution that invented the method to spread the knowledge. But the governmental institutions demanded the conduction of an abstraction survey and the issue of permits.

4.1 能力建设/培训

是否为土地使用者/其他利益相关者提供培训？:

是

明确受训人员:

• 土地使用者

• WRUA

培训形式:

• 农民对农民
• 示范区域
• 公开会议

涵盖的主题:

The most recent knowledge in riverbank protection and land conservation was communicated by the WRMA to the WRUA and from the WRUA to the land users. Subjects treated are planting of waterfriendly indigenous trees and chopping of water guzzling eucalyptus trees, as well as riverbank stabilization with trees and Napier grass. Furthermore, pollution prevention and new water-saving land use technologies are discussed.

4.2 咨询服务

土地使用者有权使用咨询服务吗？:

是

指明是否提供了咨询服务:

• 在土地使用者的土地上

说明/注释:

Name of method used for advisory service: Technical advisory; Key elements: Land use advisory, Administrative advisory; The WRMA provides technical training for the WRUA members concerning planting of waterfriendly/water guzzling trees, riverbank stabilization with trees and Napier grass, pollution prevention, new water-saving land use technologies and also climate change issues that rose recently. The WRUA wrote also a sub-catchment management plan in cooperation with WRMA advisors.

Advisory service is very adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; There is a good cooperation between WRMA and WRUA.

4.3 机构强化（组织发展）

是否通过这种方法建立或加强了机构？:

• 是，适度

具体说明机构的强化或建立程度:

• 本地

• seedlings

提供进一步细节:

The necessary seedlings were bought from local CBO's (Community based organisations) or private tree nurseries.

4.4 监测和评估

监测和评估是该方法的一部分吗？:

是

注释:

bio-physical aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff through observations; indicators: WRUA members control pollution and implementation of the conservation measures.

management of Approach aspects were regular monitored by government through observations; indicators: WRMA controls the progress of the approach

There were no changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation

There were no changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation

5.1 该方法中SLM组成部分的年度预算

如果不知道准确的年度预算，请给出一个范围:

• 2,000-10,000

注释（例如主要的资助来源/主要捐助者）:

Approach costs were met by the following donors: government (Water Services Trust Fund): 100.0%

5.2 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援

土地使用者是否获得实施该技术的财政/物质支持？:

是

如果是，请具体说明支持的类型、条件和提供者:

The seedlings were distributed to the land users for free

5.3 对特定投入的补贴（包括劳动力）

• 农业

• 其它

如果土地使用者的劳动力是一项重要的投入，那么是不是:

• 自愿

5.4 信用

是否根据SLM活动的方法给予信用值？:

否

6.1 方法的影响

6.2 土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机

6.3 方法活动的可持续性

土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施（无外部支持的情况下）？:

• 是

若是，请说明如何维持:

They just have to keep applying the conservation measures. Public awareness raising and patrols by the WRUA have to continue.

6.4 该方法的长处/优点

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Water conflicts between water users are a problem in many communities. Water Resource Users Associations are a way to mediate among stakeholders. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Regular meetings of the water users.)

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
The WRUA Kapingazi is a community based organisation (CBO) that was started voluntarily and gets supported lightly but steadily by the government. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: A balance between too much and too little support must be maintained so that neither the voluntary structures are destroyed nor the support is too small.)
With a good management of water resources and modern land use technologies, the productivity of the area can be sustained. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Meetings to share water resources equitably and promotion of modern land use technologies.)

6.5 该方法的弱点/缺点以及克服它们的方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
If the land users do not want to adopt the promoted technologies and suggestions, the success is questioned.	More efforts on awareness raising can convince more people.

7.1 方法/信息来源