方法

Promotion of Sesbania species(as green manures for rice cultivation) [尼泊尔]

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  • 审查者:

Dhaincha Prabardhan

approaches_2483 - 尼泊尔

完整性: 81%

1. 一般信息

1.2 参与方法评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

关键资源人员

SLM专业人员:
SLM专业人员:

Acharya Shiva

Local farmer Gumi-3 Surkhet,Nepal

尼泊尔

SLM专业人员:

Regmi Dambar

Local farmer Gumi-3 Surkhet,Nepal

尼泊尔

SLM专业人员:

Gurung Thek

Local farmer Gumi-4, Surkhet,Nepal

尼泊尔

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称(如相关)
Kathmandu University (KU) - 尼泊尔

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

2. SLM方法的描述

2.1 该方法的简要说明

Green manure-It is a way of adding nutrients and organic matters to soil by incorporating green manure plants which include both leguminous or non-leguminous plants. Sesbania, also known as Dhaincha, i.e. a diverse and versatile genus belonging to the family Fabaceae,which is soft,woody,annual or short lived perennial;primarily used as green manure between rice crops or as an intercrop in transplanted rice.

2.2 该方法的详细说明

该方法的详细说明:

Aims / objectives: -Leguminous green plants like Sesbania can fix atmospheric nitrogen in the form that plant can use.
-It helps to improve the soil structure as incorporating it into the soil adds organic matterr (biomass).
-The Sesbania species has high water-logging tolerance which prevents the crop from losing its nutrient content.

Methods: In nepal,institutions like NARC and research programs like Rice Research program has actively promoted Sesbania species. Dr. Bhola man singh basnet of Nepal Agriculture Research council(NARC),khumaltar has extensively carried out his research on green manure using Sesbania, which is called locally as Dhaincha.
The Hardinath Agriculture Farm in Dhanusha,now National Rice Research Program, practiced Sesbania cannabina, dhaincha as pre-rice manure annually in 20 ha for more than 20 years.
Green manure technique is an indigenous practice mainly in the foothills, middle mountains region and central terai of nepal-dhanusha,parsa,bara and Rautahat district.


Stages of implementation: Sesbania is sown before rice is planted.Sow the Sesbania seed densly and lightly cover the seed with soil.Sesbania will grow faster if the soil is kept moist.After 4-6 weeks sesbania will be 18-36 inches tall at ground level and plough in as the paddy are prepared for planting rice.
Seed production process;
Transplant a few of the largest,thickest,healthiest plant into the edges of paddy space at 2 metre intervals along the terrace edges.Seed will be ready after 6 -7 months.This can be used as seed for green manure next year.

Role of stakeholders: Government;
-Institutional roles; NARC, HAF -DDC-Municipality-VDC
Private sectors;
-Desigining policies.

Other important information: -Sesbania species can be grown even under adverse conditions of drought,waterlogging,salinity,etc.
-optimum time of Daincha seed production is the middle of March until the end of May .
-Experiment conducted at several research stataions showed that green manureing with dhaincha in rice increased the grain yields by about 20-25 percent(Pre rice green manure-a success story,B.H.S Basnet,NARC)

2.3 该方法的照片

2.5 采用该方法的国家/地区/地点

国家:

尼泊尔

区域/州/省:

Nepal

有关地点的进一步说明:

Surkhet

2.7 方法的类型

  • 传统/本土

2.8 该方法的主要目的/目标

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Sesbania species increases nutrient content of the soil,due to its water logging tolerance and also increases the fertility,biomass production in the fields as well as nitrogen content of the soil by fixing large amount of Nitrogen.)

-Increase the nutrient in the soil due to its water logging tolerance and thus increases the fertility and productivity.
-Also reduce the need of artificial fertilizers

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Low knowledge about the green manuring among people because of which they were lured towards more use of particles and fertilizers.
Lack of improved seeds of green manure(plants).

2.9 推动或妨碍实施本办法所适用的技术的条件

财务资源和服务的可用性/可得性
  • 阻碍

-Improved and large seeds of green manure are costly.
-This can be reduced if we can make these seed locally available at subsidized rate.

Treatment through the SLM Approach:

法律框架(土地使用权、土地和水使用权)
  • 启动

The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights moderately helped the approach implementation: There was a bit hindrance.Seed cultivation requires both land use and irrigation system.

了解SLM,获得技术支持
  • 阻碍

-People were found unaware of the proper and new techniques of manuring.


Treatment through the SLM Approach: -Provide necessary information and conduct programs at local/regional level.

其他
  • 阻碍

The species shows better growth and higher biomass yield in the sandy clay than in heavy clay soil.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: The areas with sandy clay loam should be identified if we are to except a high crop yield.

3. 相关利益相关者的参与和角色

3.1 该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责

  • 当地土地使用者/当地社区

Farmers community

Men were involved more, because of the hard work in the field.. Many people are using the green manure technique to increase the crop yield but no any incentives and support has been provided by government institutions targeting the socially and economically disadvantaged groups.

  • 地方政府

Hierarchy;District Development comittee-Municipality-VDC

  • 国家政府(规划者、决策者)

Ministry of agriculture

3.2 当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段
当地土地使用者/当地社区的参与 指定参与人员并描述活动
启动/动机 自我动员 Farmers
计划 互动 Involvement of individuals (farmers) at the begining.Gradually supported by many institutions.
实施 自我动员 Sesbania is a local species available in Nepal since 1960 and used as green manure by farmers land users to increase productivity and field of crops.
监测/评估 被动 Gradual progress and support from government and institutions.
Research 外部支持 Research being carried by institutions, on nutrient content and new species of green manure plant.

3.4 有关SLM技术选择的决策

具体说明谁有权决定选择要实施的技术:
  • 主要是土地使用者,由SLM专家提供支持
解释:

Green manuring using Dhaincha is an indigenous practice which is currently supported and motivated by many institutions.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by by land users* alone (self-initiative / bottom-up). Due to the dissatisfaction by the use of the fertilizers(artifical) land users themselves initiated the approach for better production.

4. 技术支持、能力建设和知识管理

4.1 能力建设/培训

是否为土地使用者/其他利益相关者提供培训?:

4.2 咨询服务

土地使用者有权使用咨询服务吗?:

说明/注释:

Name of method used for advisory service: Participatory community-based approach.; Many people including farmers, land users participate,discuss and conclude about the way of practicing of green manuring.

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; Government and institution are the one that make the seeds of green manure plant available to the local farmers.So their contribution and continuation of land conservation activities cannot be neglected.

4.3 机构强化(组织发展)

是否通过这种方法建立或加强了机构?:
  • 是,适度
具体说明机构的强化或建立程度:
  • 本地
具体说明支持类型:
  • 能力建设/培训
提供进一步细节:

Documentation of the approach provide training to the land users about green manure techniques.

4.4 监测和评估

监测和评估是该方法的一部分吗?:

注释:

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by government through observations; indicators: Nutrients like N,P,K are monitered at a regular basis by and institutioons like NARC,HAF.government land users(farmers)

economic / production aspects were regular monitored by land users through observations; indicators: crop yield per hectare.

There were few changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: seed varities of sesbian species shows better growth in sandy clay than heavy clay soil. so, the soil type needs to be considered.

4.5 研究

研究是该方法的一部分吗?

明确话题:
  • 生态学
提供进一步的细节,并指出是谁做的研究:

Research was carried out on-farm

5. 融资和外部物质支持

5.1 该方法中SLM组成部分的年度预算

如果不知道准确的年度预算,请给出一个范围:
  • < 2,000

5.2 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援

土地使用者是否获得实施该技术的财政/物质支持?:

如果是,请具体说明支持的类型、条件和提供者:

Governmental Aid.

5.3 对特定投入的补贴(包括劳动力)

注释:

Green manure seeds are distributed by the government to the local bodies;from where the seeds are sold to the land users/farmers.

5.4 信用

是否根据SLM活动的方法给予信用值?:

6. 影响分析和结论性陈述

6.1 方法的影响

该方法是否帮助土地使用者实施和维护SLM技术?:
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大

- it increases the fertility and nutrient content of the soil due to its water logging tolerance. -Helps control soil erosion. -It also improve the quality of soil and crops.

该方法是否有助于社会和经济弱势群体?:
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大

Poor farmers earn quite a good sum due to increase in yield and productivity by using sesbania as green manure.

The problem is likely to be overcome in the near future.

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大

NARC which provide training as well as focus on the practice of green manuring which help all the villagers to get benefitted.

Did the Approach lead to improved livelihoods / human well-being?
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大

using sesbania species as green manure increases the production of rice in the farms. also reduce the expenses for buying of artificial fertilizers from suppliers.

Did the Approach help to alleviate poverty?
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大

increase the productivity and crop yield which lead to the rise in economic status of people by selling the grains on market.

6.2 土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机

  • 增加生产

increase in the crop productivity.

6.3 方法活动的可持续性

土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施(无外部支持的情况下)?:
若是,请说明如何维持:

Since it is easy and natural method to increase the fertility of the soil,farmers can be benifited..it only requires the basic knowledge about the seasons and seeds(improved) so it can be easily implemented.

6.4 该方法的长处/优点

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
-if some species of sesbina like Sesbania cannabina are established as an intercrop in rice.
-During short Day season,vegetative growth of the plant is reduced due to early flowering.
-Many Sesbania species are being over ploited.
-Improved seeds of sesbian sp, are costly and this technique requires a lot of labour work, people are in more favour of artificial chemical fertilizers. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: -it can be suppressed by the rice if sown 30-60 days after crop.
-These sp. should be sowed in the middle of March to end of vegetables growth.
-Attention must be given to the conservation and proper utilization of these important plant species.
-Government /local bodies should make it available at cheaper rate and encourage people to revive interest in green manures.)
编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
-Increase the fertility of the soil.
-it can help to increase the biomass in the soil.
-Increases microorganisms and their activity in the soil. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: They can be enhanced if the present trend of exploiting green manuring plants are changed to develop their production on a sustainable basis.)

7. 参考和链接

7.1 方法/信息来源

  • 实地考察、实地调查
  • 与土地使用者的访谈

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Regenerative Agriculture Technologies for the Hill farmers of Nepal,'Nepal Rural Re-construction Association.The Farmers Handbook,'The Field' Ms. Hommaya GurungGreen Manure Production System For Asian Ricelands, J.K Ladha

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