1.2 参与方法评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

HELVETAS (Swiss Intercooperation)

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH (GIZ) - 德国

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

01/07/2012

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 该方法的简要说明

Improve the income of family farms by setting up an organized trade mechanism that factors in market price fluctuations.

2.2 该方法的详细说明

该方法的详细说明:

The objective of the practice is to improve the income of family farms by setting up an organized trade mechanism that factors in market price fluctuations. Structuring trade in this way puts producers in a stronger position in their value chains.
The FaAOs’ approach to trade is based, on the one hand, on purchase agreements for preservable produce (cereals, sesame, etc.) between the FaAO and its producers and, on the other, on sales contracts with one or several market operators/suppliers. The practice enables producers to sell their produce after the harvest at an attractive price, depending on market fluctuations. For the operator, it means a large quantity can be purchased over time, without the need for mobilising major pre-financing resources. As the intermediary, the FaAO benefits from a profit margin and charges levied on transactions.
Stages of implementation: 1) Estimating the areas of family farms that are members of the FaAO: Together with its producers, the FaAO calculates sown areas (of rice, for example) fairly speculatively, providing the first estimates of future outputs. 2) Estimating outputs: Prior to harvesting, the initial estimates made in stage 1 are further refined through crop inspections. 3) Evaluating the quantities for home consumption and for sale: After the harvest, FaAO producers assess what part of their output will be retained for home consumption and what will be sold. 4) Contracting between the family farms and FaAO: The FaAO enters into a contract with the producers for the part to be sold. 5) Contracting between the economic operator and FaAO: Research into economic operators; At a consultation day involving producers, FaAO and operators, a contract is negotiated between FaAO and the operators, who will factor in price increases up to the lean period. Operation: Introducing this approach requires a robust FaAO or family farm, a market analysis and good quality produce. The portion of the output for sale is transferred to the FaAO storage facility. The operator draws down this produce over an extended period. The price for each consignment varies according to the market rate prevailing at the time the produce is drawn down.
Producers provide, process and pack the produce, and enter into a contract with FaAO. The apex organisation researches economic operators, negotiates the sales contract on behalf of the economic operators, stores the produce, monitors sales and manages rebates. Operators draw down produce in line with the terms of the sales contract, and make payments accordingly. Support partners deliver training, provide advisory support and foster contacts.

2.3 该方法的照片

2.5 采用该方法的国家/地区/地点

2.6 该方法的开始和终止日期

2.7 方法的类型

• 基于项目/方案

2.8 该方法的主要目的/目标

The objective of the practice is to improve the income of family farms by setting up an organized trade mechanism that factors in market price fluctuations. Structuring trade in this way puts producers in a stronger position in their value chains.
The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: low income of family farms, market price fluctuations

2.9 推动或妨碍实施本办法所适用的技术的条件

3.1 该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责

3.2 当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段

	当地土地使用者/当地社区的参与	指定参与人员并描述活动
启动/动机	被动
计划	互动
实施	互动
监测/评估	互动
Research	被动

3.3 流程图（如可用）

3.4 有关SLM技术选择的决策

具体说明谁有权决定选择要实施的技术:

• 主要是SLM专家，咨询土地使用者之后

解释:

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by SLM specialists with consultation of land users

4.1 能力建设/培训

是否为土地使用者/其他利益相关者提供培训？:

是

明确受训人员:

• 土地使用者

培训形式:

• 在职
• 农民对农民
• 公开会议

涵盖的主题:

Support partners deliver training, provide advisory support and foster contacts.

4.3 机构强化（组织发展）

是否通过这种方法建立或加强了机构？:

• 是，非常

具体说明机构的强化或建立程度:

• 本地

具体说明支持类型:

• 财务

提供进一步细节:

Improve the income of family farms by setting up an organized trade mechanism that factors in market price fluctuations. Structuring trade in this way puts producers in a stronger position in their value chains.

4.4 监测和评估

监测和评估是该方法的一部分吗？:

是

注释:

socio-cultural aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff, land users through observations
economic / production aspects were regular monitored by project staff through measurements
management of Approach aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff through observations
There were no changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation
There were no changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation

4.5 研究

研究是该方法的一部分吗?

是

明确话题:

• 社会学
• 经济/市场营销

5.1 该方法中SLM组成部分的年度预算

注释（例如主要的资助来源/主要捐助者）:

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international non-government: 100.0%

5.2 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援

土地使用者是否获得实施该技术的财政/物质支持？:

否

5.4 信用

是否根据SLM活动的方法给予信用值？:

否

6.1 方法的影响

6.2 土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机

6.3 方法活动的可持续性

土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施（无外部支持的情况下）？:

• 不确定

6.4 该方法的长处/优点

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Bank loans guaranteed as a result of retained stocks and management tools
Guaranteed revenues for small-scale producers
Improved post-harvest management
As revenues grow, producers seek to maximise their cropping schedules in order to earn more money. The approach offers producers greater opportunities to access enhanced seeds and inputs (credibility among service providers). When prices become more lucrative, producers are less inclined to sell off their harvest; the risk of slumps in prices is minimal. Incomes are stabilised, which improves living conditions and social cohesion. Communities are better able to pay taxes and more receptive to formalised contracts.
Price stabilisation (to prevent produce from being sold-off) and improved producer incomes (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: A thorough market analysis must be conducted to enable market price fluctuations to be accurately predicted and the best times for sale to be pinpointed. Client relationships must be professional and contractual. Informal commitments often fall through. The FaAO must have committed and business-minded leaders. It is wise to stay vigilant when it comes to the governance of these organisations, as they can fall prey to corrupt practices and the embezzlement of collective funds.)

7.1 方法/信息来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Manual of Good Practices in Small Scale Irrigation in the Sahel. Experiences from Mali. Published by GIZ in 2014.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

http://star-www.giz.de/starweb/giz/pub/servlet.starweb

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation: annual report 2010-2011 for the San Hub (Pôle de San)

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation (2013): JIGIYA programme evaluation report