1.2 参与方法评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Bern University of Applied Sciences, School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (HAFL) - 瑞士

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

29/10/2018

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 该方法的简要说明

A new chicken breed is developed based on three remnants populations having similar looks, with the purpose of recreating a healthy chicken adapted to mounaneous areas.

2.2 该方法的详细说明

该方法的详细说明:

Chicken with a crest have been known in the alpine areas of Switzerland, Austria and Italy for many centuries, as bone excavations, historic paintings and old pictures show. Crested chicken can still be found in Switzerland, now called “Appenzeller Spitzhauben, and in north-eastern Italy, as Polverara. Members of the association Pro Patrimonio Montano supposed that these chickens are the southeastern and western remnants of the same population of chicken and wondered what would happen if they crossed the two breeds. In 2010 crosses were done in both ways. As the crossed individuals all turned out black, and quite uniform, the initiators decided to start a serious breeding project with the aim of developing a breed adapted to the alpine conditions while relying only on the genetics of the two former chicken breeds. Later a small population of crested chicken, supposed to be other remnants of the Tyrolean chicken, was found on a remote farm in a remote valley, the Sarntal, and integrated into the breeding project of the “New Tyrolean Chicken”. The roosters of descendants of the Sarntal chicken are quite aggressive, reason why it is not used extensively in the new Tyrolean chicken breed.
The breeding is decentralized, with many small-scale farmers, hobby chicken keepers, and other interested persons keeping breeding groups. The breeders are organized in regional groups, with one regional coordinator overseeing 3 to 7 chicken breeders. The regional coordinator is assessing each newly hatched chicken and rooster to select for the ones being kept for further breeding. Selection takes place for morphological traits to match the ancient type of Tyrolean chicken. The selection for this ancient phenotype is due to the fact that the appenzeller Spitzhauben” has been crossed with other chicken because of concern with inbreeding, as the population was based only on a few individuals.
The regional coordinator is compensated for each chicken he or she assesses with 3 CHF/€, and additionally 2 CHF/€ per ring put on a chicken suitable for breeding. The assessment takes place at around 13 weeks. The assessment is then sent on an excel file to the coordinator at Pro Patrimonio Montano, where all files are added together. Each chicken has its ancestors recorded, with the maternal line being merged as sisters bred together.
Pro Patrimonio Montano is organized as an association, overseeing currently five breed and species of animals. The voting inside the organization for changing rules is done by representants of the breeders. Each region with up to 50 breeders has one voice at votes, can therefore send one representative. Regions with more than 50 breeders have two votes, thus two representatives.

2.3 该方法的照片

2.5 采用该方法的国家/地区/地点

2.6 该方法的开始和终止日期

2.7 方法的类型

• 最近的本地倡议/创新

2.8 该方法的主要目的/目标

The objective is to breed a healthy chicken for the alpine region, while keeping the old remaining genetics of crested alpine chicken.

2.9 推动或妨碍实施本办法所适用的技术的条件

3.1 该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责

3.2 当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段

	当地土地使用者/当地社区的参与	指定参与人员并描述活动
启动/动机	自我动员	Two breeders, one of polverara chicken, the other of Appenzeller spitzhauben, decided to see what would happen if the two breeds were crossed. Out of this, the project started.
计划	互动	The initiators, being only two, found others with which they could breed the new Tyrolean chicken.
实施	互动	As two breeders on a small scale are not enough, others joined.
监测/评估	互动	The egg laying is monitored only by a few chicken keepers. An evaluation of the breeding stock takes place for every animal about to enter the gene pool.

3.3 流程图（如可用）

3.4 有关SLM技术选择的决策

具体说明谁有权决定选择要实施的技术:

• 主要是土地使用者，由SLM专家提供支持

解释:

All the chicken keepers chose to breed or not. Regional coordinators help with the selection of the breeding stock.

明确做出决策的依据:

• 对充分记录的SLM知识进行评估（基于证据的决策）
• 个人经验和意见（无记录）

4.1 能力建设/培训

是否为土地使用者/其他利益相关者提供培训？:

是

明确受训人员:

• 现场工作人员/顾问

培训形式:

• 在职
• 课程

涵盖的主题:

Selection of the breeding stock. The training is only for the regional coordinators.

4.2 咨询服务

土地使用者有权使用咨询服务吗？:

是

指明是否提供了咨询服务:

• 在土地使用者的土地上

说明/注释:

The advisory service is given by the regional coordinators.

4.3 机构强化（组织发展）

是否通过这种方法建立或加强了机构？:

• 是，适度

具体说明机构的强化或建立程度:

• 区域

说明机构、角色和职责、成员等。:

The regional coordinators were put in place to coordinate the breeding and to advise the chicken keepers.

具体说明支持类型:

• 能力建设/培训

4.4 监测和评估

监测和评估是该方法的一部分吗？:

是

注释:

A monitoring and evaluation of the breeding stock only takes place before the onset of the laying. The egg production is only evaluated by a few chicken keepers.

若是，该文件是否用于监测和评估？:

否

4.5 研究

研究是该方法的一部分吗?

是

提供进一步的细节，并指出是谁做的研究:

The project started as an experiment to research what would happen if the Polverara and the Appenzeller Spitzhauben chicken were crossed.

5.1 该方法中SLM组成部分的年度预算

如果不知道准确的年度预算，请给出一个范围:

• < 2,000

注释（例如主要的资助来源/主要捐助者）:

Mainly donations via the association Pro Patrimonio Montano.
In the early years of the project, the budget was higher due to the necessary animal transports.

5.2 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援

土地使用者是否获得实施该技术的财政/物质支持？:

否

5.3 对特定投入的补贴（包括劳动力）

• 其它

5.4 信用

是否根据SLM活动的方法给予信用值？:

否

5.5 其它激励或手段

是否有其他激励措施或工具用于促进SLM技术的实施？:

否

6.1 方法的影响

6.2 土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机

6.3 方法活动的可持续性

土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施（无外部支持的情况下）？:

• 是

6.4 该方法的长处/优点

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
The organisation is adapted to the need of the breeders.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Knowledge is spread about the conservation of genetic resources and backyard poultry keeping.

6.5 该方法的弱点/缺点以及克服它们的方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
The new Tyrolean Chicken is not assessed for the egg laying, and can therefore not be selected for it.	Subsidise automatic electronic egg traps, for example based on RFID chips on chicken legs.
The new Tyrolean chicken may replace other rare breeds.	The biggest threat to biodiversity is industrial agriculture, therefore the promotion of other initiatives like the new Tyrolean chicken can counter this loss of biodiversity. The new Tyrolean chicken complements the other available breeds.

7.1 方法/信息来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Agricultural Genetic Resources in the Alps, Monitoring Institute for Rare Breeds and Seeds in Europe, 2003, ISBN 3-258-06669-8

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Available from Pro Patrimonio Montano

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

Pro Patrimonio Montano

URL:

patrimont.org

标题/说明:

An RFID-Based Smart Nest Box: An Experimental Study of Laying Performance and Behavior of Individual Hens

URL:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29538334

标题/说明:

Umwelt und Artgerechte Legehennenhaltung. Entwicklung und Erprobung von elektronischen Registrierungssystemen. Ab S. 99

URL:

https://docplayer.org/63001785-High-tech-innovationen-fuer-verfahrensketten-der-agrarproduktion.html

标题/说明:

Trial with automatic egg count

URL:

https://www.cabi.org/Uploads/animal-science/worlds-poultry-science-association/WPSA-italy-2006/10204.pdf