方法

Promotion of Organic Tea Production under Bench Terraces [泰国]

Continuous bench terrace

approaches_4282 - 泰国

完整性: 94%

1. 一般信息

1.2 参与方法评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

关键资源人员

co-compiler:

Tipvong Tanomkwan

1760 ต่อ 2235 / 0879172421

aoy.tvong.@gmail.com

Land Development Department

Pahotyothin Rd., Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900

泰国

土地使用者:

Mokngoen Jai

0658720601 / -

- / -

Palaung hill tribe, land user in Plot 2000

Mu 5, Khum village, Mae Ngon sub-district, Fang district, Chiang Mai province, 50110

泰国

Tapangtong Werapong

0987488087 / -

- / -

Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station

Mu 5, Khum village, Mae Ngon sub-district, Fang district, Chiang Mai province, 50110

泰国

Boonchoo Sontaya

- / -

- / -

Royal Project Land Development Center, Land Development Department

164 Mu 3, Chiang Mai-Fang Road, Don Kaeo subdistrict, Mae Rim district, Chiang Mai province, 50180

泰国

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称(如相关)
Land Development Department (Land Development Department) - 泰国

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

(现场)数据是什么时候汇编的?:

19/10/2018

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

2. SLM方法的描述

2.1 该方法的简要说明

Promotion of continuous bench terraces for sustainable tea plantations in steep areas of the northern region highlands.

2.2 该方法的详细说明

该方法的详细说明:

The approach is to develop and promote sustainable agriculture on steep slopes by establishing continuous bench terraces. Under this system, hilltribe farmers can produce good quality Chinese tea, and send their product to a processing factory nearby, which will create stable and high incomes and raise the quality of life. This production/ conservation system aims also to reduce deforestation and shifting cultivation problems, which lead to the degradation of soil and land. As such, soil and water conservation in this upstream sloping highland should promote and encourage appropriate sustainable land management to preserve natural resources and the environment.
In the early stage, Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station initiated this project to develop and promote Chinese tea cultivation on steep land, with close cooperation from the Land Development Department (LDD) to design the continuous bench terraces instead of the cold-climate fruit trees, which had greatly deteriorated. Local officers had allocated land (without ownership) to Palaung hilltribe people who were selected and guaranteed by the community leader for their aptitude and ability to cultivate Chinese tea according to the Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) Guidelines, and set up a Chinese tea producers group at Plot 2000. Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station organized this programme and trained them and also arranged for some local officers to advise on soil management, fertilizer use, and disease and pest control. Vetiver grass planting was introduced to maintain the terrace and road edges; compost was produced to use for improving soil properties and reducing their production cost, and cultivation materials were supplied to all land users through disbursement under the management of Doi Angkhang Agricultural Cooperatives. Local officers also supported marketing through purchasing at the guaranteed price according to the quality of the tea, and set up tea processing factories in this area. The project encourages all land users to observe and maintain their tea bushes and the land around them. Currently all land users are aware of how to sustainably use and maintain their land and soil resources. Moreover, local officers advise how to repair bench terraces themselves; however, if the damage is serious, the LDD officers will come in to help them repair.

2.3 该方法的照片

关于照片的一般说明:

Data collection supports for mainstreaming and scaling-up of sustainable land management

2.4 该方法的视频

注释、简短说明:

Tea plantation in soil and water conservation measure in steep areas

日期:

09/10/2018

位置:

Doi Ang Khang

摄影师的名字:

Ms. Somjit Lertdisayawan / Ms. Tanomkwan Tipvong

注释、简短说明:

Tea plantation farm

日期:

21/01/2016

位置:

Doi Angkhang

摄影师的名字:

Pornthep Molee

注释、简短说明:

Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station
39 เส้นทาง เรียนรู้ ทำดี “ตามรอยพ่อ”

日期:

15/03/2017

位置:

Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station

摄影师的名字:

Royal Project Foundation, Ford Thailand

2.5 采用该方法的国家/地区/地点

国家:

泰国

区域/州/省:

Chiang Mai Province

有关地点的进一步说明:

Extension area for Chinese tea plantation (Farm 2000) at Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station, Mae Ngon Sub-district, Fang District,Chiang Mai Province

注释:

Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station is the main agency to assist, support and encourage hilltribe farmers in protection and awareness of soil resources in this steep zone. Soil and water conservation measures have been used to solve the erosion problem, protect the environment, preserve the forest and enable land users to grow the Chinese tea in this area ("Farm 2000").

2.6 该方法的开始和终止日期

注明开始年份:

1999

若不知道准确的年份,请注明该方法的大致开始日期。:

10-50年前

注释:

Sustainable use of a steep area. Hill tribe farmers can utilize this continuous bench terrace land for tea plantation or other purposes for long time under GAP system.

2.7 方法的类型

  • 基于项目/方案

2.8 该方法的主要目的/目标

The first objective is to enable hilltribe farmers, through suitable soil and water conservation measures, to produce good quality Chinese tea on the highland. The second objective is to create a stable income and raise the quality of life, where it is very important to ensure sustainable landuse without damaging natural resources and the environment. The third is to reduce forest encroachment problems in the highland and watershed areas of the northern region of Thailand.

2.9 推动或妨碍实施本办法所适用的技术的条件

财务资源和服务的可用性/可得性
  • 启动

Angkhang Agricultural Cooperatives supported production factors to land users and cooperatives officers will monitor and evaluate this process.

机构设置
  • 启动

Land user network as cooperative of tea plantation group with cooperation in compost or organic fertilizers production

法律框架(土地使用权、土地和水使用权)
  • 启动

Almost land users did not have right in land ownership, but they have right to use the allocated land, which these land are allocated by the Royal Project.

政策
  • 启动

Government policy and Royal project supported the budget and implementation activities

土地治理(决策、实施和执行)
  • 启动

Royal project and government agencies regulated land use planning and take care on soil and land management in this area.

了解SLM,获得技术支持
  • 启动

The officers of Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station advise land users to manage soil and land, including tea production and process.

市场(购买投入,销售产品)和价格
  • 启动

They have tea processing factories in this area.

其他
  • 启动

3. 相关利益相关者的参与和角色

3.1 该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责

  • 当地土地使用者/当地社区

All farmers belong to the hilltribe Palaung ethnic group.

All land users take care of bench terraces with advice from station officers.

  • 社区组织

Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station, The Royal Project

The station officers extend and promote the occupation, encourage and advise in technology transfer the technical matter and knowledge to farmers.

  • 教师/学龄儿童/学生

School children and students

Training course and study tour in the area

  • 地方政府

Several local government agencies are directly involved in this process, including officers from the station and the Royal Project.

The station officers extend and promote the occupation, encourage and advise the farmers in technical knowledge, support production facilities and processing factory.

  • 国家政府(规划者、决策者)

Administrative officers in department and ministry level

Making decisions and creating policy

3.2 当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段
当地土地使用者/当地社区的参与 指定参与人员并描述活动
启动/动机 互动 Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station created continuous bench terraces as a soil and water conservation measure in the former degraded cold-climate fruit tree plot. They informed all land users about land allocation and zoning for suitable economic crops and trees, including Chinese tea in Plot 2000.
计划 互动 Almost all land users (Palaung hilltribe) have been allocated land for planting Chinese tea with good agricultural practices (GAP) system in Plot 2000.
实施 The LDD has been responsible for conducting soil and land survey, designing and constructing soil and water conservation measures, with close collaboration with Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station.
监测/评估 互动 All Palaung hilltribe land users in this area have to maintain/repair the bench terraces in their allocated land.

3.3 流程图(如可用)

具体说明:

Flow chart Operating procedures of bench terrace:
1. The organic Chinese tea plantation project is emphasized to promote and develop career of hilltribe people around the area of Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station to reduce forest encroachment and shifting cultivation and encourage them to use the land in a sustainable way with stable and high income.
2. Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station has selected the area of old cold-climate crops where soil has deteriorated; the station officers need to reshape the land and construct suitable conservation measures in this sloping area.
3. In 1999, Land Development Department (LDD) supported in the survey, design and construction of soil and water conservation measures as continuous bench terraces. The distance between two terraces and the vertical interval (VI) depend on the slope of the area, but the cultivation area of each terrace will be 3m wide.
4. The Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station has selected farmers to join this project by considering their aptitude, ability and opportunity for further development in organic Chinese tea plantation. Almost all land users have been approved by community leaders to practice and implement following the instruction from extension officers.
5. All selected land users should practice and maintenance as recommended by station officers. In planting tea, farmers will dig a small furrow along the terrace around 30cm deep and 30cm wide. Tea seedlings will be planted in the furrow with a spacing of 40-50 cm between trees (around 2,000 plants/rai). Surface soil around these tea seedlings will be mulched to maintain suitable soil moisture.
6. Farmers will produce organic Chinese tea so they need to avoid applying chemical fertilizers and other chemical substances, but limit the use only to natural materials. Compost is applied at a rate of 2 kg/tree along both sides of the tea canopy, and incorporated about 15 cm below the soil surface. This compost rate may be applied 3 times a year.
7. The Chinese tea is usually harvested from April to December, and will receive nourishment/maintenance ( January-March). At present, the No. 12 variety has an average yield of 800 kg/rai, with some 5-6 harvests a year, while the soft stem variety has an average yield of 600 kg/rai, with some 4-5 harvests a year. The station has received a budget from the Taiwanese government and the Institute of Highland Area Development to support the processing factory building, machinery and necessary techniques.
8. Maintenance of damaged bench terraces: all land users will repair by themselves in the dry season. In the serious case of erosion, the LDD will support such maintenance. In addition, vetiver grass is planted to strengthen the edge of the terraces.

作者:

Ms.Tanomkwan Tipvong

3.4 有关SLM技术选择的决策

具体说明谁有权决定选择要实施的技术:
  • 所有相关参与者,作为参与式方法的一部分
解释:

-

明确做出决策的依据:
  • 对充分记录的SLM知识进行评估(基于证据的决策)
  • Policies and legal measures

4. 技术支持、能力建设和知识管理

4.1 能力建设/培训

是否为土地使用者/其他利益相关者提供培训?:

明确受训人员:
  • 土地使用者
如果相关,请说明性别、年龄、地位、种族等。:

Both male and female

培训形式:
  • 农民对农民
  • 示范区域
培训形式:
  • Mmonthly meeting
涵盖的主题:

Implementation activities, how to solve some problems, maintain and repair conservation measure, vetiver grass plantation and others

注释:

-

4.2 咨询服务

土地使用者有权使用咨询服务吗?:

指明是否提供了咨询服务:
  • 在土地使用者的土地上
  • 在固定中心
说明/注释:

-

4.3 机构强化(组织发展)

是否通过这种方法建立或加强了机构?:
  • 是,非常
具体说明机构的强化或建立程度:
  • 本地
说明机构、角色和职责、成员等。:

All land users (from the Palaung hilltribe) have been selected as members to promote and implement organic Chinese tea plantation with their awareness to maintain and take care of conservation measures for sustainable use of this land.

具体说明支持类型:
  • 财务
  • budget in repair structure
提供进一步细节:

The Angkhang station gives a support budget to repair the bench terrace about 500 baht per rai.

4.4 监测和评估

监测和评估是该方法的一部分吗?:

注释:

Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station set up a monitoring and evaluation programme for the Chinese tea cultivation under bench terraces.

若是,该文件是否用于监测和评估?:

注释:

-

4.5 研究

研究是该方法的一部分吗?

5. 融资和外部物质支持

5.2 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援

土地使用者是否获得实施该技术的财政/物质支持?:

如果是,请具体说明支持的类型、条件和提供者:

LDD support with the supply of vetiver grass slips and technology to maintain the terrace including support the budget to repair terraces at 500 baht per rai per year.

5.3 对特定投入的补贴(包括劳动力)

  • 劳动力
程度如何 对补贴做出具体说明
部分融资 Maintain and repair budget around 500 baht per rai.
如果土地使用者的劳动力是一项重要的投入,那么是不是:
  • 自愿
注释:

-

5.4 信用

是否根据SLM活动的方法给予信用值?:

对条件(利率、回报等)进行具体说明:

No interest

请具体指明授信方:

Cooperatives of Angkaung Royal Agricultural Station support in production materials

请具体指明信贷接收人:

All land users are members of this cooperatives.

5.5 其它激励或手段

是否有其他激励措施或工具用于促进SLM技术的实施?:

6. 影响分析和结论性陈述

6.1 方法的影响

该方法是否帮助土地使用者实施和维护SLM技术?:
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大

Almost land users are good in maintaining and repairing this terrace system.

该方法是否提高了SLM的协调性和成本效益?:
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大

They collaborate closely with local officers.

该方法是否提高了土地使用者实施土地管理的知识和能力?:
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大

They cannot construct this terrace by themselves, but can maintain and repair the damaged areas. They know and understand the benefit and effectiveness of this measure.

该方法是否改善了阻碍SLM技术实施的土地使用权/用户权问题?:
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大

They cannot have right in land ownership but they have rights in land tenure and utilize this land for Chinese tea in Plot 2000.

该方法是否带来了更可持续的能源使用?:
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大

This bench terrace and other land management practices are firmly sustainable for Chinese tea production.

6.2 土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机

  • 增加生产

Harvest of Chinese tea 5-6 times/year and generate more income for land users.

  • 减少土地退化

This bench terrace system is effective in reducing soil erosion, runoff and preserving soil fertility and quality.

  • 加入运动/项目/团体/网络

Angkaung Royal Agriculture station set up project of promotion and development.

6.3 方法活动的可持续性

土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施(无外部支持的情况下)?:
  • 不确定
若否或不确定,请具体说明并予以注释:

All land users need to work within the guideline of this project, maintain and repair the terrace, take care of Chinese tea until the period of harvest, and also soil and land fertility improvement.

6.4 该方法的长处/优点

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
The continuous bench terrace is a highly effective measure to slow down runoff, and thus reduces soil erosion.
This system would reduce the amount of fertilizer application, as organic matter and plant nutrients still stay in the sloping area.
All land users can produce more agricultural products, thus will receive more income.
编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
The bench terrace increases the amount of water to store in the soil, while the excessive amount of rain would gradually drain through the waterway.
This technology would reduce the amount of fertilizer application as it prevents plant nutrients from escaping from the area.
All land users can improve their life quality from increasing agricultural products/income.

6.5 该方法的弱点/缺点以及克服它们的方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险 如何克服它们?
The cost for constructing continuous bench terraces is very high. It is possible only when the government and local officers support these activities.
The system needs expert in design and implementation. Local government officers (LDD) support and perform these activities.
When the structure of bench terraces is damaged. Local government officers (LDD) will help in doing the repair.
编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险 如何克服它们?
The cost for constructing bench terraces is very high, heavy machines are needed. Government and local officers support these activities.
The system needs expert in doing the design and implementation. Local government officers (LDD) support and perform these activities.
When the structure of bench terraces is damaged by heavy rain, runoff and other events. Local government officers (LDD) support its reparation.

7. 参考和链接

7.1 方法/信息来源

  • 实地考察、实地调查

3

  • 与土地使用者的访谈

1

  • 与SLM专业人员/专家的访谈

2

  • 根据报告和其他现有文档进行编译

1

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

-

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

-

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

การทำขั้นบันไดดินเพื่อการอนุรักษ์ดินและน้ำในพื้นที่ป่าต้นน้ำลำธาน (ความลาดชัน 35-60%)

URL:

http://www.dnp.go.th/watershed/ ส่วนอำนวยการ/จัดทำระบบอนุรักษ์ดินและน้ำ โครงการทำขั้นบันไดดิน.pdf

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