方法

Community-led participatory and self sustainable land restoration in India [印度]

创建： 04/13/2024 5:04 a.m.
更新： 08/20/2024 8:47 a.m.
编制者： DIYA BANERJEE
编辑者： –
审查者： Nicole Harari, William Critchley, Rima Mekdaschi Studer

UW - RM Restoration

approaches_7117 - 印度

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完整性： 100%

1. 一般信息

1.2 参与方法评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

关键资源人员

SLM专业人员:

DIYA BANERJEE

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Community led participatory and self sustaining degraded land restoration in West Bengal (UW - RM)

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Uttarayan Wildlife (UW) - 印度

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

16/11/2021

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 SLM技术问卷的参考

Fruit tree growing for restoration of degraded lands [乌干达]

Fruit trees of Mangoes (Mangifera indica) and Oranges (Citrus sinensis) are grown on degraded land to improve soil fertility through deep soil nutrient mining and litter of leaves.

编制者： Kamugisha Rick Nelson
06/11/2017 1:12 p.m.

Агролесная мелиорация для реабилитации деградированных орошаемых земель (ИСЦАУЗР) [乌兹别克斯坦]

На участке пахотной земли, не используемой из-за сильного засоления и заболачивания, создается плантация из солеустойчивых древесных пород, преимущественно с азотофиксирующей и высокой биодренажной способностью

编制者： Rustam Ibragimov
12/19/2011 11:16 a.m.

2. SLM方法的描述

2.1 该方法的简要说明

A community-led participatory approach is being implemented in West Bengal to revive and regenerate a broken and degraded landscape through sustainable land management. Local people take the lead in both action and the development of a long-term management plan.

2.2 该方法的详细说明

该方法的详细说明:

Much too long and not written as text. I have summarised and edited the language. One omission was any mention of who “we” are. I have said Uttarayan Wildlife. Is this correct? Please check that and my other edits in the following which I have entered online.
A community-led participatory approach is being implemented in West Bengal to revive and regenerate a broken and degraded landscape through sustainable land management. The approach is facilitated by Uttarayan Wildlife, an NGO. Local people take the lead in both action and the development of a long-term management plan. The identified potential/objective is sustainable and integrated business-driven landscape restoration through community participation. It is hoped to enable local communities to become part of a new generation of business professionals that will take part in integrated landscape management and business-driven landscape restoration.
The direct and indirect stakeholders involved are:
1. Local farmers, and local communities;
2. Local schools and colleges; and
3. Local government authorities

A group of facilitators guide communities in the process of recovery of damaged ecosystems. We try to guide the improvement of land towards its full potential which in our case is a traditional natural forest called Sutan – Bankura – South Bengal. It’s an approach to address a systematic crisis.
The overall goal is to achieve land degradation neutrality (LDN). With landscape restoration, that's more than just the recovery of land because a landscape is also a community. People can revitalize an area, and an economy that restores and uses the landscape with sustainable business.
We work in natural and combined zones in a mosaic restoration pattern and follow basic steps through multi-stakeholder partnerships. The sequence is as follows:
Scout and Initiate:
1. Land condition and potential – analysis and recommendations
2. Biodiversity and native forest reference studies
3. Stakeholder identification and dialogue

Co-design and co-develop:
4. Define and design adaptive planning, work on cost–benefit analyses for transformative change with TEK AND LEK and scientific study strategies/drivers for integrated landscape restoration
5.Develop an ecosystem with all possible community participation in livelihood activities

Implementation:
6. Work on:
a. Soil and water depletion
b. Seeding and plantation through nature-based solutions
c. Unsustainable grazing practices
d. Maintenance
e. Monitoring and evaluation for early learning and to adapt a theory of change

Adapt and Sustain:
7. Link livelihood activities with ecological benefits so that the community starts keeping financial capital/business in mind – and create a business case
8. A period of 20 years is minimum to see all the ‘returns’ which can be added with carbon credit benefits to make it permanent.
9. Cultural, spiritual, and recreational services
10. Adaptation to climate change

Scaling up and replication is the ultimate objective – and we will hand-over to the local community using “exit policies”, allowing entrepreneurs/farmers to develop the right skills and knowledge to independently run successful restoration businesses. We hope to scale this model beyond state boundaries with similar issues and potentials. Throughout, we will practice a public – private - partnership (PPP) to strike the right collaborations and partnerships for an efficient Business Model Canvas in order to achieve successful sustainable ecosystem restoration with the community.
In the initial stage local stakeholders were very wary in terms of trust and faith since they were voluntarily pledging their land, time and resources. With time as the model was tested successfully there has been participation from all quarters.

2.3 该方法的照片

媒体库

关于照片的一般说明:

Since most efforts are community participatory-led, this gives the local sense of ownership and sustenance making it long term sustainable.

2.4 该方法的视频

注释、简短说明:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MASkUcKPcUU&t=89s&ab_channel=UttarayanWildlife
Our last two years of activities in a snapshot!

日期:

01/11/2023

位置:

Ranibund , Gorshika, Jhilimili, Dhatala, Kechonda, Ayodhya. Bankura and Purulia

摄影师的名字:

Atin Chatterjee

注释、简短说明:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hZri4LpAYOQ&ab_channel=UttarayanWildlife
This is a Before and After Plantation feedback from the local farmers!

日期:

13/12/2023

位置:

Gorshika - Purulia

摄影师的名字:

Atin Chatterjee

2.5 采用该方法的国家/地区/地点

国家:

印度

区域/州/省:

West Bengal

有关地点的进一步说明:

Bankura, Purulia

2.6 该方法的开始和终止日期

注明开始年份:

2021

终止年份（若不再采用该方法）:

2027

注释:

Its a 5 year long approach to empower the locals to continue for the next 10-20 years.

2.7 方法的类型

基于项目/方案

2.8 该方法的主要目的/目标

Sustainable and Integrated landscape management and business-driven landscape restoration of degraded ecosystems and landscapes with community participation - enable local communities to become part of a new generation of business professionals that will take part in integrated landscape management and business-driven landscape restoration in a long term sustainable way.

2.9 推动或妨碍实施本办法所适用的技术的条件

社会/文化/宗教规范和价值观

启动

The in-built social and religious belief of nature being good enables the project to penetrate easily among locals.

阻碍

The traditional practice of paddy cultivation which presently is of very low yield and loss making but the older generation would not like to try the new agroforestry method or multi cropping system which will regenerate the soil increasing cultivation.

财务资源和服务的可用性/可得性

启动

Since its in a start-up mode with investment from Corporate Social Responsibility funds(this is a mandate from India government to all companies running business in India), it enables the project to penetrate smoothly.

机构设置

启动

The ground level institutional setting in villages have helped us to communicate, facilitate and implement since locals understand the long term benefit.

参与者的的协作/协调

启动

The local farmers, landless labours, schools and colleges, local panchayats coordinate to procure degraded land, participate together to form committees and do long term maintenance of their planted lands.

法律框架（土地使用权、土地和水使用权）

启动

We dont have any formal legal tenure since its a voluntary and participatory mode to procure land from land owners. This enables us to build trust with the locals.

政策

启动

We together with locals adhere to basic country level and land level policies.

土地治理（决策、实施和执行）

启动

Land governance is wholly in the hands of the land owners including all aspects of decision-making, implementation and enforcement. We just enable and empower.

了解SLM，获得技术支持

启动

Most of the ecology knowledge is derived from our local farmers and their deep understanding of land, soil, water and plants. We also have a team of botanists and ecologists who have done extensive biodiversity study for reference. We have consultant scientists on soil, plants, water levels.

市场(购买投入，销售产品)和价格

启动

Target markets are the locals or district level or the nearest big town. Most of our livelihood empowerment would be locally used and sold locally too.

阻碍

Transport cost would be the only hindrance with respect to sending local produce in far away markets.

工作量、人力资源可用性

启动

Availability of man power is onus of the local committee which mostly makes the process smoother.

阻碍

There are cultivation seasons, festivals which hinder the process now and then but its not a show stopper.

3. 相关利益相关者的参与和角色

3.1 该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责

当地土地使用者/当地社区

Local farmers
Land owners
Landless owners

Equal participation

SLM专家/农业顾问

Soil experts
Water management experts
Botanists
Ecologists

Planning
Expert mitigation advise

研究人员

Environmentalists
Botanists
Foresters

Biodiversity study
Plant health study
New approach

教师/学龄儿童/学生

Teachers
School management
Students

Participate in nature awareness, walks, knowing biodiversity
Plantation drives

Uttarayan Wildlife

Main implementation

私营部门

Rainmatter Foundation
Pallishree Nursery

Funding
Expert consultation

地方政府

Forest Department
Panchayat

Data support
Community Support

如果涉及多个利益相关者，请注明领导机构:

NGO - Uttarayan Wildlife

3.2 当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段

	当地土地使用者/当地社区的参与	指定参与人员并描述活动
启动/动机	自我动员	Local farmers and committees: Voluntary participation in pledging their degraded lands for the program to revive and restore. UW approached with the plan. Participate in initiating the program and motivating other farmers to join.
计划	互动	Together with our SLM expert team, the locals interact and plan areas of plantation, use and share their traditional knowledge to mark areas of water, soil quality, cattle grazing and accordingly the plantation map is planned.
实施	互动	To implement the plan the locals/stakeholders involved create local committees to organise labourers, local resources for a smooth implementation.
监测/评估	自我动员	The local committees are responsible for taking care of plants - watering, checking on health and reporting, creating barriers against cattle grazings, fire etc. They implement their own mulching techniques and use organic fertiliser to safe guard plants. Due to local participation the mortality rate of plants have been less than 20% which is global standard.
	外部支持	We harness expertise of biologists, botanists to document the process and inspect time to time.

3.3 流程图（如可用）

具体说明:

The above flow chart shows the approach/methodology and the various stakeholders involved at each stage

作者:

Diya Sur

3.4 有关SLM技术选择的决策

具体说明谁有权决定选择要实施的技术:

主要是土地使用者，由SLM专家提供支持

解释:

Its a joint partnership in deciding and planning the use of technology/methodlogy as per the condition of the land and weather.

明确做出决策的依据:

对充分记录的SLM知识进行评估（基于证据的决策）
研究结果
个人经验和意见（无记录）

4. 技术支持、能力建设和知识管理

4.1 能力建设/培训

是否为土地使用者/其他利益相关者提供培训？:

是

明确受训人员:

土地使用者
现场工作人员/顾问

如果相关，请说明性别、年龄、地位、种族等。:

Local farmers of different age, social status are trained including women. Gender split is 40:60(women and men consecutively)

培训形式:

在职
农民对农民
示范区域
公开会议

涵盖的主题:

1. Program planning and use of technology/methodology
2. Soil testing
3. Biodiversity checking
4. Vermicompost creation
5. Standard operating procedure for plantation maintenance
6. Bee station maintenance

注释:

Locals absorb very well and show enthusiasm and share their traditional experiences.

4.2 咨询服务

土地使用者有权使用咨询服务吗？:

是

指明是否提供了咨询服务:

在土地使用者的土地上

说明/注释:

Develop SOP as taught by ecology experts for plantation and maintenance of plantation areas and nursery.
Testing soil conditions by soil experts
Biodiversity surveys to check on environmental health of the surroundings with botanists and biologists
Expert foresters help in planning plantation as per land and water conditions

4.3 机构强化（组织发展）

是否通过这种方法建立或加强了机构？:

是，适度

具体说明机构的强化或建立程度:

本地

说明机构、角色和职责、成员等。:

Local farmers have set up voluntary committees to participate and implement and maintain degraded land restoration.

具体说明支持类型:

财务
能力建设/培训

提供进一步细节:

Program has financial support from CSR funds - Rainmatter Foundation and local knowledge and expertise support from Pallishree including capacity building. We have external partners for support on biodiversity surveys, bee keeping.

4.4 监测和评估

监测和评估是该方法的一部分吗？:

是

注释:

We have SOP created and checklists for monitoring and management level evaluations. We do periodic inspections with our external experts to check on the health of the program.

若是，该文件是否用于监测和评估？:

是

注释:

The SOP and checklists are used for the monitoring and evaluation.

4.5 研究

研究是该方法的一部分吗?

是

明确话题:

生态学

提供进一步的细节，并指出是谁做的研究:

We did an extensive biodiversity and phenology research which was carried out by our partner organisation with their botanists, ecologists and foresters for one year. The research paper is being published in ecology forums and science journals.

5. 融资和外部物质支持

6. 影响分析和结论性陈述

6.1 方法的影响

该方法是否有助于当地土地使用者，提高利益相关者的参与度？:

否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大

Since its a community driven participatory program, we engage our land and ecologist experts in a dialogue with the locals to identify specify local problems with land degradation and find the most sustainable solution and long term benefits and with our start-up help locals are empowered to implement the solutions in their land in a sustainable way. Such collaborative engagement leads to improved stakeholder participation.

这种方法是否有助于基于证据的决策？:

否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大

Local traditional evidence based knowledge pertaining to the specific land coupled with our biodiversity survey of nearby reference native forests by our ecology experts makes it easier to make informed decision of land management based on evidence.

该方法是否帮助土地使用者实施和维护SLM技术？:

否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大

As planned and designed by scientific experts and locals specially on forest land management, agroforestry as an approach for degraded land restoration, it was helpful to implement and maintain the SLM technologies since the approach is jointly agreed upon.

该方法是否提高了SLM的协调性和成本效益？:

否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大

Since its a joint management with locals and program experts, coordination is institutionalized and seemless. Due to close coordination, land procurement happens in bigger portions making it cost effective to implement the SLM technologies and manage in long run.

该方法是否提高了土地使用者实施土地管理的知识和能力？:

否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大

Most of the SLM technologies are indigenous

该方法是否提高了其他利益相关者的知识和能力？:

否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大

The local stakeholders have a fair amount of traditional knowledge of land management, reasons for soil degradation or even climatic changes. Our experts with their scientific knowledge enhanced local knowledge and traditional beliefs with evidence based theories. Our team experts and local stakeholders learn from each other and we have regular learning sessions enhancing the program on field. https://youtu.be/YJxOtm6qh-c?si=IR4M4LzOxINBVO7h

该方法是否建立/加强了机构、利益相关者之间的合作？:

否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大

The community led approach built strong local committees who collaborate to plan, design and implement the program together with industry experts from our program team

该方法是否缓解了冲突？:

否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大

In the initial days of the program, we have witnessed many conflicts arising out of jealousy between landowners whose land is being rewilded and landless people resulting in deliberate plant destruction. Later we changed the approach to include landowners and landless people to form committees and help each other to build and implement the approach reducing conflicts. One of our other goal is also to reduce man-elephant conflict by creating natural habitats for elephants to rest and eat fodder rather than raiding crops.

该方法是否有助于社会和经济弱势群体？:

否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大

The approach is inclusive and doesnt distinguish with landowners or landless people who are largely socially and economically disadvantaged groups and we try to keep a diverse stakeholder base considering minorities, tribals etc.

该方法是否改善了性别平等并赋予女性权力？:

否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大

Our nursery is mostly women driven and they get employment. We encourage girls from nearby schools to participate in plantation activities.

该方法是否鼓励年轻人/下一代土地使用者参与SLM？:

否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大

Our special mini program under the main Restoration one is to encourage, empower youth/next generation with climate and nature studies, involve them in restoration work in-field and create micro mini ecosystems in their schools for them to nurture. Our goal is to nurture a generation of nature champions who all will carry this movement forward. https://youtu.be/bX4xK6-fnDs?si=ZkwJdV4LmZgq_MUP

该方法是否改善了粮食安全/改善了营养？:

否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大

We address SDG 1 and 2 by creating fruit forest as a food bank/security during times of severe draught which are common in arid regions.

该方法是否带来了更可持续的能源使用？:

否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大

We use solar energy for all our energy needs specially in nursery.

该方法是否提高了土地使用者适应气候变化/极端情况和减轻气候相关灾害的能力？:

否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大

One of the bigger goal of this program is to work closely with climate refugees( the local farmers) who are facing harsh climatic conditions, less cultivation/yield, economic slowdown leading to them turning into migration laborers to mitigate climatic disasters like draught due to land degradation. The program wholly addresses land degradation neutrality to enhance soil quality, water levels, increased chances of cultivation through agro-forestry thus mitigating climate related disasters.

该方法是否会带来就业、收入机会？:

否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大

The program employs directly and indirectly more than 1200 locals in land preparation, nursery, plantation work boosting local economy.

6.2 土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机

增加生产

Addressing soil degradation, strategic plantation leads to regeneration of health of land and increased fruit and food production

增加利润（能力），提高成本效益比

The fruit trees and other economically beneficial trees like bamboo etc increases profitability and cost-benefit ration in the long run

减少土地退化

Soil and water reclamation and plantation reduces land degradation

降低灾害风险

Soil and water reclamation and plantation reduces land degradation and reduced risk of climatic disasters

环境意识

Locals are environment conscious in their own capacity so empowering them helps to strengthen their belief.

提高SLM知识和技能

Together with their traditional knowledge and skills of land management, expert trainings and advise helps to enhance SLM knowledge and skills.

美学改进

Presently hectares of unused barren land makes the area look bare so the approach will rewild and make the area look greener with revived biodiversity.

冲突缓解

Man-man conflict and man-elephant conflict mitigations are few of the outcomes of the approach.

6.3 方法活动的可持续性

土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施（无外部支持的情况下）？:

若是，请说明如何维持:

With an increased cost-benefit ratio in the long term, creation of food bank and increased cultivation due to land degradation neutrality, the locals would be in a better position to carry forward the approach in a sustainable way without any external support. The approach acts as a start-up kit for a better greener future.

6.4 该方法的长处/优点

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
https://youtu.be/hZri4LpAYOQ?si=twd2yJoek0U1n1B6 As told by the local stakeholders, in past 3 years of the approach/program, they have clearly witnessed land regeneration.
They are satisfied by the equal opportunity to plan and design and use their traditional knowledge and skills, reduced man-man conflicts since they work in committees and learning new approaches.
They are very happy about increased potential of cultivation and local income.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
The approach being community-led, creates a sense of joint land management reducing internal conflicts and working towards a better future.
By achieving land degradation neutrality, regeneration boosts local economy impacting as a watershed, better children's education, more strong local policies towards mitigating climatic extreme conditions.
What started as a program has now turned into a local community led movement to uplift land degradation and reduce climate disaster and regenerate biodiversity.

6.5 该方法的弱点/缺点以及克服它们的方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Natural disasters like widespread fire destroying plantations	Create trenches and fire lines to stop spreading
Severe climatic condition like drought which makes it impossible to nurture the plants	Create water trenches and regenerate local water sources

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Natural disasters like widespread fire destroying plantations	Create trenches and fire lines to stop spreading
Severe climatic condition like drought which makes it impossible to nurture the plants	Create water trenches and regenerate local water sources

7. 参考和链接

7.1 方法/信息来源

实地考察、实地调查

10-12

与土地使用者的访谈

5-6

与SLM专业人员/专家的访谈

3-4

根据报告和其他现有文档进行编译

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

NA( will be published soon)

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

Program/NGO website

URL:

www.uttarayanwildlife.org

标题/说明:

NGO channel

URL:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7q6Ii0lVAUvfDYlsKDMGuQ

标题/说明:

News articles

URL:

https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/elephant-corridors-to-be-restored-in-south-bengal/article38316050.ece

标题/说明:

News articles

URL:

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/5-year-habitat-restoration-plan-for-south-bengal-jumbo-corridors/articleshow/92447156.cms?utm_source=whatsapp&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=AmpArticleshowicon&fbclid=IwAR3PFI1eoB9eIPgTxftiO_AV7iBDeO2rc-pf-ByvQGlDMfoFauSSCeiS1FU

标题/说明:

News articles

URL:

ttps://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/elephant-corridors-to-be-restored-in-south-bengal/article38316050.ece?homepage=true

链接和模块

全部收起

链接

Fruit tree growing for restoration of degraded lands [乌干达]

Fruit trees of Mangoes (Mangifera indica) and Oranges (Citrus sinensis) are grown on degraded land to improve soil fertility through deep soil nutrient mining and litter of leaves.

编制者： Kamugisha Rick Nelson
06/11/2017 1:12 p.m.

Агролесная мелиорация для реабилитации деградированных орошаемых земель (ИСЦАУЗР) [乌兹别克斯坦]

编制者： Rustam Ibragimov
12/19/2011 11:16 a.m.

模块

无模块