1.2 参与方法评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Applying Landscape and Sustainable Land Management (L-SLM) for mitigating land degradation and contributing to poverty reduction in rural area (L-SLM Project)

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Watershed Organisation Trust (WOTR) - 印度

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

18/09/2025

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 该方法的简要说明

Participatory Net Planning (PNP) is a practical methodology that actively engages landowners and local stakeholders in planning and implementing measures for land use, soil conservation, water harvesting, and biomass development. It aims to regenerate ecosystems and improve the sustainability of watersheds through site-specific resource management. PNP emphasizes the conservation, productivity enhancement, and sustainable use of natural and biological resources. It involves assessing the current condition and use of land, water, and vegetation, and preparing detailed plans—with estimated costs and timelines—to achieve the desired outcomes.
In Participatory Net Planning (PNP), the term “Net” represents a complete and interconnected planning framework where every land parcel within a watershed is individually assessed and linked to the larger watershed system. It highlights a network-based approach that integrates soil, water, vegetation, and community needs, ensuring that interventions on one farm support resource conservation and productivity across neighboring and downstream lands. Overall, it signifies a holistic and coordinated system where all stakeholders and resources are planned collectively for sustainable and long-term watershed management.

2.2 该方法的详细说明

该方法的详细说明:

By design, PNP functions as a tool for mobilization, training, monitoring, and evaluation in watershed programs.
Its key objectives are:

•Building ownership and commitment among landowners and stakeholders to ensure the long-term sustainability of watershed interventions.
•Planning site-specific measures that meet local needs, improve productivity, and address resource challenges.
•Developing realistic plans with clear activities, budgets, and timelines that can be implemented effectively, minimizing gaps between planned and actual outcomes.

The PNP approach places stakeholders at the center of the process. Landowners, farmers (both men and women), or users of Common Property Resources (CPRs) are directly involved in decision-making for their land or shared resources. During PNP exercises, the planning team visits each landholding or CPR along with the concerned stakeholders to jointly survey, assess, and plan interventions.
Stakeholders share their views on current and proposed land use and the necessary soil and water conservation treatments. The team discusses best practices and scientific options for land management, explaining their benefits and suitability. The final decision on interventions rests with the stakeholder—except when proposed actions could harm neighboring lands, CPRs, or the environment. In such cases, efforts are made to reach a consensus; if not possible, treatments on that land are withheld.
Once agreement is reached, the proposed measures are documented in writing and mapped on a diagram of the land or CPR.
PNP is gender-inclusive, ensuring both men and women participate in planning and decision-making. Ideally, the farming couple or land-owning couple is present during planning, even when land is officially registered in the man’s name. For CPRs, where stakeholders include landless people, marginal farmers, livestock owners, and shepherd communities, institutions like the Village Watershed Committee (VWC), Village Development Committee (VDC), and Gram Panchayat (GP) are involved. Their role is to ensure equitable access to ressources, manage conflicts, and establish transparent and representative local institutions for sustainable management of CPRs and create assets.
The Participatory Net Plan is more than just a planning document—it serves as a blueprint for implementation. Written in the local language, it remains accessible to stakeholders for regular reference. The plan is flexible and adaptive, evolving as new information emerges or stakeholders revise their preferences. Thus, it acts as a “living document” that supports transparency, continuous monitoring, and accountability.

2.3 该方法的照片

2.5 采用该方法的国家/地区/地点

2.6 该方法的开始和终止日期

2.7 方法的类型

• 基于项目/方案

2.8 该方法的主要目的/目标

The main objectives of Participatory Net Planning (PNP) are:
•To build a sense of ownership and commitment among landowners and other stakeholders within a watershed, ensuring long-term sustainability of the implemented measures.
•To plan site-specific interventions, meet stakeholder needs, and enhance land and water productivity.
•To develop practical proposals with clear activities, budgets, and timelines that ensure planned measures are effectively implemented and easily scaled up.

2.9 推动或妨碍实施本办法所适用的技术的条件

3.1 该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责

3.2 当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段

	当地土地使用者/当地社区的参与	指定参与人员并描述活动
启动/动机	互动	Local people are involved in awareness sessions, discussions, and joint problem analysis. Villagers, farmer groups, and watershed committees participate in identifying issues, priorities, and resources.
计划	互动	Local communities participate in mapping land, resources, and existing interventions. They jointly develop action plans, decide on resource allocation, and may plan their own initiatives (self-mobilization).
实施	互动	Communities implement activities like soil and water conservation structures, plantations, or crop management. Some activities may be supported by food/cash/material incentives, but local ownership is emphasized.
监测/评估	互动	Local groups participate in tracking progress, maintaining records, and providing feedback. Village committees and farmer groups jointly evaluate the success of interventions and suggest corrective measures.
Farmers and local knowledge	互动	Farmers provide local knowledge, observations, and data for research purposes. They interact with external teams for documentation, experimentation, and knowledge sharing.

3.3 流程图（如可用）

3.4 有关SLM技术选择的决策

具体说明谁有权决定选择要实施的技术:

• 所有相关参与者，作为参与式方法的一部分

解释:

The PNP approach helps identify the current land use and understand the socio-economic conditions linked to it. It aims to improve farmers’ income by suggesting better land use patterns. Technical and agricultural experts play a key role in preparing the proposed land use plan, which is then replicated with other farmers in the village. The village committee is essential for mobilizing and encouraging community participation in this process.

明确做出决策的依据:

• 对充分记录的SLM知识进行评估（基于证据的决策）
• 个人经验和意见（无记录）

4.1 能力建设/培训

是否为土地使用者/其他利益相关者提供培训？:

是

明确受训人员:

• 土地使用者
• 现场工作人员/顾问

培训形式:

• 农民对农民
• 示范区域
• 公开会议

涵盖的主题:

Assessment of current land use, classification of land types, and implementation of on-site soil conservation measures.

注释:

A joint meeting of multiple landowners is organized to share basic information, followed by a field demonstration in one of the plots to explain the planning tool. Photos and videos of various in-situ soil conservation measures, aligned with the land use and land cover, are also presented.

4.2 咨询服务

土地使用者有权使用咨询服务吗？:

是

指明是否提供了咨询服务:

• 在土地使用者的土地上
• 在固定中心

说明/注释:

The service is provided under the project by the implementing agency. The landowner can develop the land according to requirements with the assistance of a land developer or consultant.

4.3 机构强化（组织发展）

是否通过这种方法建立或加强了机构？:

• 是，非常

具体说明机构的强化或建立程度:

• 本地
• 区域

说明机构、角色和职责、成员等。:

The planning tool is a socio-technical approach used for sustainable land development. Agricultural engineers, social engineers, and environmental experts from institutions can participate, along with officers from the Forest and Agricultural departments.

具体说明支持类型:

• 财务
• 能力建设/培训

4.4 监测和评估

监测和评估是该方法的一部分吗？:

是

注释:

The overall plan is verified on a sample basis to ensure quality and alignment with ground reality.

若是，该文件是否用于监测和评估？:

是

注释:

Field verification shall be conducted based on the prepared planning documents.

4.5 研究

研究是该方法的一部分吗?

是

明确话题:

• 社会学
• 经济/市场营销
• 生态学
• 技术

提供进一步的细节，并指出是谁做的研究:

Experts involved in the planning and implementation of the PNP contribute their experience. While research was not the primary focus, insights gained during community mobilization and watershed plan execution help improve the approach for smoother implementation.

5.1 该方法中SLM组成部分的年度预算

如果不知道准确的年度预算，请给出一个范围:

• < 2,000

注释（例如主要的资助来源/主要捐助者）:

The total cost from planning to implementation is measured per hectare and ranges from ₹20,000 to ₹50,000 per hectare, depending on the proposed land use.

5.2 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援

土地使用者是否获得实施该技术的财政/物质支持？:

是

5.3 对特定投入的补贴（包括劳动力）

• 无

如果土地使用者的劳动力是一项重要的投入，那么是不是:

• 自愿

5.4 信用

是否根据SLM活动的方法给予信用值？:

否

5.5 其它激励或手段

是否有其他激励措施或工具用于促进SLM技术的实施？:

否

6.1 方法的影响

6.2 土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机

6.3 方法活动的可持续性

土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施（无外部支持的情况下）？:

• 是

若是，请说明如何维持:

Land users can sustain the interventions implemented through the PNP approach without external support, provided they have gained adequate knowledge, skills, and ownership during the participatory planning process. The focus on locally appropriate techniques, use of available resources, and community involvement ensures long-term sustainability.

6.4 该方法的长处/优点

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Participatory Decision-Making: Land users actively contribute ideas and decisions, ensuring the plan reflects their needs and priorities.
Improved Knowledge: Farmers gain practical knowledge about soil, land use, and conservation techniques.
Sustainable Land Management: Encourages adoption of site-specific, in-situ conservation measures that improve soil fertility and productivity.
Livelihood Opportunities: Identifies farm-based income options, such as dairy, fodder production, and agroforestry.
Resource Optimization: Promotes efficient use of local resources like stones, bushes, and organic matter.
Conflict Reduction: Helps mitigate disputes over land boundaries and reduces encroachments.
Empowerment: Strengthens community organization and gives women and marginalized groups more decision-making opportunities.
Long-Term Benefits: Supports soil moisture retention, biomass production, and water conservation, leading to resilient agriculture.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Effective Planning Tool: Provides a structured framework for assessing land, soil, and resources scientifically.
Community Engagement: Facilitates active participation of landowners, enhancing acceptance and ownership of interventions.
Integrated Approach: Combines technical, social, and environmental considerations for sustainable land management.
Field-Oriented Learning: Allows experts to demonstrate techniques and observe practical challenges.
Sustainability Focus: Encourages adoption of low-cost, locally suitable interventions that are maintainable without continuous external support.
Conflict Mitigation: Helps in discussing land disputes and clarifying boundaries.
Scalable & Replicable: Can be applied across multiple fields or villages for wider impact.

6.5 该方法的弱点/缺点以及克服它们的方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Time-Consuming: Participatory meetings and field exercises require considerable time.	Time Management: Schedule meetings and demonstrations at convenient times for farmers.
Resource Dependence: Initial implementation may need materials or guidance not readily available to all farmers.	Local Resource Use: Emphasize low-cost, locally available materials for interventions.
Knowledge Gap: Some farmers may initially struggle to understand technical aspects.	Capacity Building: Provide training and simple demonstration tools to bridge technical knowledge gaps.
Group Dynamics: Conflicts or dominant voices within the group may affect decision-making.	Facilitation: Use neutral facilitators to manage group discussions and ensure all voices are heard.
Maintenance Challenges: Sustaining interventions over time without support can be difficult for some households.	Follow-Up Support: Provide periodic guidance and monitoring to help farmers maintain interventions.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Time-Intensive: Participatory planning and field exercises require significant time and effort.	Efficient Scheduling: Plan activities to minimize disruption to farmers’ regular work.
Dependence on Community Cooperation: Effectiveness relies on active participation and willingness of land users.	Capacity Building: Train community members to enhance understanding and technical competence.
Limited Technical Precision: Field-level decisions may sometimes compromise scientific accuracy due to local constraints.	Facilitation & Guidance: Experts guide discussions to balance local preferences with technical requirements.
Resource Limitations: Availability of tools, inputs, or skilled manpower may restrict implementation.	Resource Planning: Ensure access to necessary inputs and tools before implementation.
Monitoring Challenges: Ensuring long-term adherence to recommended interventions can be difficult.	Follow-Up Mechanisms: Establish monitoring and support systems for sustained adoption.

7.1 方法/信息来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Participatory Net Planning: A Practitioner's Handbook, authored by Crispino Lobo. 2010. ISBN: 978-81-86748-23-7 [Supported by: German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ)]

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

https://wotr.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/WOTR-PNP-Practitioners-Handbook.pdf

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

Participatory Net Planning (PNP)

URL:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dU9dSJUgIQM

标题/说明:

How to do Participatory Net planning

URL:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGom-qA_be4

标题/说明:

How to do Micro planning in Watershed Project

URL:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDOKQBfcg-0

标题/说明:

Rising Together: Building Resilient Communities for a Sustainable Tomorrow

URL:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0gCFkwkfwdg&t=2s

标题/说明:

How to do Wealth Ranking in Watershed Project

URL:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ygiAy7f7Gpc

标题/说明:

Integrated Watershed Management in Sinnar cluster, Nashik district, Maharashtra, India

URL:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9HfP20wucnE&t=3s

标题/说明:

A New Beginning

URL:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LBzF7DXbedM&t=2s