1.2 参与方法评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 SLM技术问卷的参考

2.1 该方法的简要说明

Increase of use effectiveness of limited resources of soil moisture in desert with sowing xerophyte fodder plants

2.2 该方法的详细说明

该方法的详细说明:

Aims / objectives: Vegetation of North desert in modern condition is defective as cenosis owing to anthropogenic factor. Existing phytocenosis is characterized by low saturation of soil with plant organs. Therefore such cenosis can not use material resources of soil maximally (rootage penetrate into soil not more than 80 cm depth). Creation of sowed pastures with plant such as Kochia, Salsola, Artemisia, Ceratoides gives the possibility to use soil resources (first of all, moisture) more, better due to powerful rootage penetrating into soil up to 2.5 m). The method was approved and allows to increase productivity by 2-2.5 times. Studies in South Pribakhashye showed that in spring soil under degraded pasture contain 295-474 tons of productive moisture, 32-57 tons of humus,3-8 tons of common nitrogen per ha. At the same time association of sowed sbushrubs occupies soil layer 0-250 cm, what contains 652-1080 tons of productive moisture, 50-61 tons of humus, 11-52 tons of common nitrogen per ha. Degraded pastures could form 210 kg of dry matter per ha while pastures created on SWC-method - up to 580-600 kg per ha.

2.3 该方法的照片

2.5 采用该方法的国家/地区/地点

2.6 该方法的开始和终止日期

2.7 方法的类型

• 基于项目/方案

2.8 该方法的主要目的/目标

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (on SWC and increase of pasture productivity)

Creation of high productive pastures in place of finally degraded sites of vegetation

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Maximal use of moisture as limiting factor of growing and development of fodder plants in desert

2.9 推动或妨碍实施本办法所适用的技术的条件

3.1 该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责

3.2 当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段

	当地土地使用者/当地社区的参与	指定参与人员并描述活动
启动/动机	外部支持	responsibility for minor steps, casual labour; mashine - operators of community local specialists
计划	无
实施	自我动员	responsibility for minor steps, casual labour; mashine - operators of community local specialists
监测/评估	无
Research	无

3.4 有关SLM技术选择的决策

具体说明谁有权决定选择要实施的技术:

• 主要是SLM专家，咨询土地使用者之后

解释:

Before 1991 the use of method was carried out after consultation with specialists and land users by officials orders

4.1 能力建设/培训

是否为土地使用者/其他利益相关者提供培训？:

是

明确受训人员:

• 土地使用者

• politicians/decision makers

培训形式:

• 示范区域

涵盖的主题:

science of grosslands, manadement of pasture ecosystems

4.2 咨询服务

土地使用者有权使用咨询服务吗？:

是

指明是否提供了咨询服务:

• 在固定中心

说明/注释:

Advisory service is totally inadequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; Further development of marketing and introduction groups is needed in oblast departments of agriculture

4.3 机构强化（组织发展）

是否通过这种方法建立或加强了机构？:

• 是，少许

具体说明支持类型:

• 财务

4.4 监测和评估

监测和评估是该方法的一部分吗？:

是

注释:

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored through observations

management of Approach aspects were ad hoc monitored through observations

There were no changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Technological processes worked throw in details

4.5 研究

研究是该方法的一部分吗?

是

明确话题:

• 经济/市场营销
• 生态学
• 技术

提供进一步的细节，并指出是谁做的研究:

Technological process was developed on a base of SWC - method and investigation on ecological and economical aspects of effects on nature and people were carried out

Research was carried out both on station and on-farm

5.1 该方法中SLM组成部分的年度预算

如果不知道准确的年度预算，请给出一个范围:

• < 2,000

注释（例如主要的资助来源/主要捐助者）:

Approach costs were met by the following donors: government (national - budget): 100.0%

5.2 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援

土地使用者是否获得实施该技术的财政/物质支持？:

是

5.3 对特定投入的补贴（包括劳动力）

• 设备

• 农业

如果土地使用者的劳动力是一项重要的投入，那么是不是:

• 自愿

注释:

at introduction of method the land was state property

5.4 信用

是否根据SLM活动的方法给予信用值？:

否

6.1 方法的影响

6.3 方法活动的可持续性

土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施（无外部支持的情况下）？:

• 不确定

若否或不确定，请具体说明并予以注释:

Taking into account the value of carrying out of activities in 1 ha equals US$20-22 one can say only rich commodity producers can apply the method

6.4 该方法的长处/优点

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
1) it increases pasture fodder capasity
2) it ceases soil erosion and improves ecological conditions

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
1)Sufficiently simple technology (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: to work for reduction of technology price)
2) it gives significant effect in increase pasture productivity
3) it is able to localize centers of soil erosion.
4) it promotes animal husbandry development
5) it increases living standards of people

7.1 方法/信息来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Pastures and hayland of Kazakhstan. Alimaev I. Isakov K. Almaty, 1998

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Almaty, free