方法

Shelter Belt [中国]

创建： 01/28/2009 midnight
更新： 07/09/2017 4:27 p.m.
编制者： Meili WEN
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审查者： David Streiff

approaches_2396 - 中国

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完整性： 86%

1. 一般信息

2. SLM方法的描述

2.1 该方法的简要说明

The shelter belt is a strip or a row of trees planted in a farmland as a wind barrier to protect crops and reduce wind erosion.

2.2 该方法的详细说明

该方法的详细说明:

Aims / objectives: Overall purposes are improving environment, and then realization sustainable development of agriculture. Specific objectives are decreasing wind erosion of cropland, increasing foodstuff production. When this approach is decided to implement, the first things to be done are to investigate natural and social-economic environment. Then scope and stages of implementation are decided by government with provision of capital and policies. After that, the approach need to propagandize to people who live in the project area. To implement this approach step by step, local government and land users play an very important role in implementation of the approach.

2.3 该方法的照片

媒体库

2.5 采用该方法的国家/地区/地点

国家:

中国

区域/州/省:

Inner Mongolia

注释:

The data is from: Inner Mongolia forest department. Inner Mongolia autonomy region forest statistic data, 1987, p75.

2.6 该方法的开始和终止日期

注明开始年份:

1960

终止年份（若不再采用该方法）:

1981

2.7 方法的类型

基于项目/方案

2.8 该方法的主要目的/目标

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Modulation of air temperature, purifying air and increasing oxygen.)

The main objectives of the approach were reducing wind speed and keep soil moisture so as to be sustainable development of local land resources.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Serious wind erosion in the farmland, and poor land management.

2.9 推动或妨碍实施本办法所适用的技术的条件

财务资源和服务的可用性/可得性

阻碍

No enough money

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Raising funds from different level of government

法律框架（土地使用权、土地和水使用权）

阻碍

Lack of enforcement of legislation

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Enforcement of legislation

The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights moderately hindered the approach implementation Persuading land users to accept this SWC approach.

3. 相关利益相关者的参与和角色

3.1 该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责

当地土地使用者/当地社区

Mongolian, Moslem, Korean minority nationalities, etc

Work equally divided between men and women

SLM专家/农业顾问

A group of national and international specialists have been studying for a long time, and summarized this approach.

国家政府（规划者、决策者）

The implementing agencies are national government

3.2 当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段

	当地土地使用者/当地社区的参与	指定参与人员并描述活动
启动/动机	自我动员	public meetings; They were involved in approach by public meeting and understood the approach.
计划	互动	ublic meetings; They involved approach by public meeting and understand the approach
实施	自我动员	casual labour; They increased their income by participating casual labour
监测/评估	互动	interviews/questionnaires; They pronounced their point of view by interviews or questionnaires
Research	互动	They do not participate in.

3.4 有关SLM技术选择的决策

具体说明谁有权决定选择要实施的技术:

政治家和领袖

解释:

consultative.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by SLM specialists with consultation of land users. directive (top-down).

4. 技术支持、能力建设和知识管理

4.1 能力建设/培训

是否为土地使用者/其他利益相关者提供培训？:

否

4.2 咨询服务

土地使用者有权使用咨询服务吗？:

是

指明是否提供了咨询服务:

在土地使用者的土地上

说明/注释:

On-the-job, farm visits, demonstration areas; Key elements: Quality of on-the-job, Effect of farm visits, Quality of demonstration areas; 1) Advisory service was carried out through: projects own extension structure and agents 2) Advisory service was carried out through: projects own extension structure and agents; Extension staff: mainly government employees 3) Target groups for extension: technicians/SWC specialists; Activities: Courses and demonstration

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; All land users want to do this approach if they could get economic benefit from it. At each government level, there is a SWC division which is in charge of SWC activities including extension.

4.3 机构强化（组织发展）

是否通过这种方法建立或加强了机构？:

是，适度

具体说明机构的强化或建立程度:

本地

具体说明支持类型:

财务

4.4 监测和评估

监测和评估是该方法的一部分吗？:

是

注释:

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: None

technical aspects were regular monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: None

socio-cultural aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through observations; indicators: None

economic / production aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: None

area treated aspects were regular monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: None

no. of land users involved aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: None

management of Approach aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through observations; indicators: None

There were few changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Improving the approach according to the practical effect.

4.5 研究

研究是该方法的一部分吗?

是

明确话题:

经济/市场营销
生态学

提供进一步的细节，并指出是谁做的研究:

This approach is applied for improving environment so as to relief their poverty.

Research was carried out on station

5. 融资和外部物质支持

5.1 该方法中SLM组成部分的年度预算

如果不知道准确的年度预算，请给出一个范围:

10,000-100,000

注释（例如主要的资助来源/主要捐助者）:

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (-): 25.0%; government (national): 55.0%; international non-government (-): 7.0%; national non-government (-): 3.0%; local community / land user(s) (-): 10.0%

5.2 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援

土地使用者是否获得实施该技术的财政/物质支持？:

是

5.3 对特定投入的补贴（包括劳动力）

设备

具体说明哪些投入得到了补贴	程度如何	对补贴做出具体说明
机械	充分融资
工具	充分融资

农业

具体说明哪些投入得到了补贴	程度如何	对补贴做出具体说明
种子	充分融资
化肥	充分融资
seedlings and biocides	充分融资

基建

具体说明哪些投入得到了补贴	程度如何	对补贴做出具体说明


community infrastructure	充分融资

如果土地使用者的劳动力是一项重要的投入，那么是不是:

以现金支付

注释:

Daily salary and materials as well as tools etc.

5.4 信用

是否根据SLM活动的方法给予信用值？:

是

对条件（利率、回报等）进行具体说明:

Interest rate charged: 0.8%; repayment conditions: Varying every year, repayment is 5 years or 10 years..

Interest was lower than market rate.

6. 影响分析和结论性陈述

6.1 方法的影响

该方法是否帮助土地使用者实施和维护SLM技术？:

否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大

This approach has little relationship to improve soil and water management.

该方法是否改善了阻碍SLM技术实施的土地使用权/用户权问题？:

否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大

The policies of land contract distribute land to individuals so that land users who involved in SWC activities need to be organized together for implementation of the SWC. The organization need much time and hard work.

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?

否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大

A comprehensive SWC technology/approach has been formed based on the single measure such as shelter belt, terrace, check dams involved in agricultural development.

6.3 方法活动的可持续性

土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施（无外部支持的情况下）？:

不确定

若否或不确定，请具体说明并予以注释:

If there are not support from outside, land users couldn't will implement SWC approach.

6.4 该方法的长处/优点

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Increasing their income (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Increasing propagandizing and education about SWC knowledge.)

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Improving agricultural production conditions. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Reinforcing management to this approach)
Increasing the land users' income (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Changing part cropland to cash crops or fuit trees so as to get much return and maintain the sustainable SWC approach.)

6.5 该方法的弱点/缺点以及克服它们的方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Poor mamagement after the shelter belt construction.	Enhancing management of village communities forbidding deforest.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Cost much money and more labour forces	The government should increase fund to implement this kind of approach.

7. 参考和链接

7.1 方法/信息来源

根据报告和其他现有文档进行编译

Belts of trees, planted in a rectangular grid pattern or in strips within, and on the periphery of, farmland to act as windbreaks.

编制者： Meili WEN
12/15/2010 1:34 p.m.

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