1.2 参与方法评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

University of Bern, Institute of Geography (GIUB) - 瑞士

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Water Resource Use Association Naro Moru (WRUA Naro Moru) - 肯尼亚

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 该方法的简要说明

WRUA are associations of water users and riparian land owners who have associated for the purposes of cooperatively sharing, managing and conserving a common water resource.

2.2 该方法的详细说明

该方法的详细说明:

Aims / objectives: The overall objective is to facilitate everybody in the river sub-catchment with sufficient and good quality water supply even during dry spells. Further objectives are to conserve the water catchment, to manage the resources properly, to preserve riverine forests and the riparian ecosystem, stop pollution and establish water use rules that are broadly accepted.

Methods: The WRUA is an association of stakeholders who wants to achieve the objectives mentioned above. During the regular meetings each stakeholder can raise his voice, express his needs and vote in a democratic manner. For outsiders and the government it is also an official contact in terms of water resources. The WRUA members arrive at a decision together and thus lead to direct democratic and sustainable development. Together, they accomplish the activities mentioned below.

Stages of implementation: First, a WRUA needs to register at the regional WRMA (Water Resources Management Authority) office, this ensures legal security for the WRUA. The WRMA provides the WRUA with technical and administrative advisory and is part of the Ministry of Water and Irrigation. The members of the WRUA conduct a water abstraction survey in the sub-catchment to identify all legal and illegal water abstractions. It is crucial to know the accurate water flows before you can conserve the water resources. The goal is to convince illegal abstractors to apply for a permit to legalise the abstractions. The WRUA
organises meetings, called barazzas, with the local chief and the riparian land users. In these meetings special conservation measures applied in the riparian area are discussed together with land management specialists. The conservation measures are cutting of water guzzling trees, planting of water-friendly indigenous trees, raise public awareness of pollution, rehabilitation of riverbanks and introduction of new technologies like drip
irrigation and rooftop water harvesting. To raise public awareness of the importance of the riparian area, the WRUA members conduct a pegging campaign along the main river of the sub-catchment. The water act 2002 dictates a riparian area of at least 6 metres on either side of the river. This area is being delineated to indicate the location of the protected to the land users. During water shortages (for example a dry spell), the WRUA publishes rules for water abstractions to ensure water supply for all land users.

Role of stakeholders: Furthermore, the WRUA is an important tool for stakeholders for communication and conflict management related to water resources. Due to the immense importance of water for ecosystem services a proper management of this resource is required.

2.5 采用该方法的国家/地区/地点

2.6 该方法的开始和终止日期

2.7 方法的类型

• government

2.8 该方法的主要目的/目标

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities

The objective of implementing a governmental promoted association was to counter the numerous conflicts that have
arisen around water resources. The water resources were distributed inequitably and the riparian ecosystem was
damaged. Therefore WRUAs were built to improve water quality and increase water quantity by implementing protective
measures in riparian zones, mediate conflicts concerning water, stop river pollution and establish water use rules.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: The WRUA was formed when some non-riparian water abstractors had no more water because the river was running dry.
Meanwhile also bad land use practices in the riparian zones of Kapingazi river diminished water quality. Due to forest
clearing close to the river, the soil lost its water storage capacity, even worse indigenous trees were replaced by water
guzzling trees like eucalyptus. The knowledge about conservation measures in the riparian areas was very low.

2.9 推动或妨碍实施本办法所适用的技术的条件

3.1 该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责

3.2 当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段

	当地土地使用者/当地社区的参与	指定参与人员并描述活动
启动/动机	自我动员	In the year 1999 Naro Moru river dried completely up for the first time. The consequence was a big clash between up- and downstreamers. The downstreamers located below Naro Moru town blamed the upstreamers and their irrigation systems for the low flows. The downstreamers walked upwards the river in search of water, eating food from the fields of upstreamers. This conflict made the formation of the association necessary involving all relevant water users.
计划	外部支持	The final measures were elaborated with support of the Water Resource Management Authority (WRMA). WRMA supported capacity building in terms of administrative knowledge and conservation technologies.
实施	互动	The implementation took place at barazzas with local chiefs. The associated riparian land users came together and were informed by the members of the WRUA and a land use specialist about the advantages of riparian protection. The different measures like tree planting and introduction of Napier were communicated. Water unfriendly trees like Eucalyptus were recommended to be cut. Also, the background of water quality and improved drought resistance were teached. Seedlings were distributed.
监测/评估	自我动员	The monitoring is done by the WRUA. Members walk regularly along the river and point out positive and negative examples. In case of negative examples, persuading of the land users is needed.
Research	无

3.3 流程图（如可用）

3.4 有关SLM技术选择的决策

具体说明谁有权决定选择要实施的技术:

• 主要是土地使用者，由SLM专家提供支持

解释:

The WRUA was thinking about measures that could be implemented and proposed them.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by WRUA. The members of the water resource users association mainly decided and implemented the measures for the protection of the riparian areas.

4.1 能力建设/培训

是否为土地使用者/其他利益相关者提供培训？:

是

培训形式:

• 农民对农民
• 示范区域
• 公开会议

涵盖的主题:

The most recent knowledge in riverbank protection and land conservation was communicated by the
WRMA to the WRUA and from the WRUA to the land users. Subjects treated are planting of waterfriendly indigenous
trees and chopping of water guzzling eucalyptus trees, as well as riverbank stabilization with trees and Napier grass. Pegging techniques were introduced to outline the riparian area. Furthermore, pollution prevention and new water-saving land use technologies were discussed.

4.2 咨询服务

土地使用者有权使用咨询服务吗？:

是

指明是否提供了咨询服务:

• 在土地使用者的土地上

说明/注释:

Name of method used for advisory service: Technical and institutional advisory; Key elements: Conservation advisory, Administrative advisory; The WRMA provides technical training for the WRUA members concerning planting of waterfriendly/water guzzling trees, riverbank stabilization with trees and Napier grass, pollution prevention, new water-saving land use technologies and also climate change issues that rose recently. The WRUA wrote also a sub-catchment management plan in cooperation with WRMA advisors.


Advisory service is very adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; Campaigns are being done as planned, but patrolling is not that profound.

4.3 机构强化（组织发展）

是否通过这种方法建立或加强了机构？:

• 是，适度

具体说明机构的强化或建立程度:

• 本地

• Seedling were bought locally

提供进一步细节:

The seedlings were bought from local community based organisations.

4.4 监测和评估

监测和评估是该方法的一部分吗？:

是

注释:

bio-physical aspects were None monitored by land users through observations; indicators: surviving trees were counted

There were several changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: It turned out that areas for the seedling distribution should be identified in a first step.
Also care taking of the seedlings is an important step to ensure the survival, since 25% of the seedlings died.
4 out of ten drip irrigation demonstration plots were relocated.

There were no changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation

5.1 该方法中SLM组成部分的年度预算

如果不知道准确的年度预算，请给出一个范围:

• 10,000-100,000

注释（例如主要的资助来源/主要捐助者）:

Approach costs were met by the following donors: government (Water services trust fund): 57.0%; local government (district, county, municipality, village etc) (Laikipia Wildlife Forum): 43.0%

5.2 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援

土地使用者是否获得实施该技术的财政/物质支持？:

是

如果是，请具体说明支持的类型、条件和提供者:

Got the seedlings

5.3 对特定投入的补贴（包括劳动力）

• 农业

注释:

Land users got the seedlings and planted them by themselves.

5.4 信用

是否根据SLM活动的方法给予信用值？:

否

6.1 方法的影响

6.2 土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机

6.3 方法活动的可持续性

土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施（无外部支持的情况下）？:

• 是

若是，请说明如何维持:

Under the condition that they keep applying the conservation measures. Public awareness raising and patrols by the WRUA have to continue.

6.4 该方法的长处/优点

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
The meetings show a good turn up of people, this shows that they are needed. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Maybe even more land users can be motivated to show up at the meetings.)
A main advantage is that it is easy to communicate among the water stakeholders. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Regular meetings should be scheduled.)

6.5 该方法的弱点/缺点以及克服它们的方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Not all riparian members are totally committed to the activities of the WRUA.	Try to persuade them to show more motivation.

7.1 方法/信息来源