方法

ROAD CONSTRUCTION AND MANAGEMENT [尼泊尔]

创建： 01/16/2014 midnight
更新： 07/09/2017 12:48 p.m.
编制者： Sabita Aryal
编辑者： –
审查者： Fabian Ottiger

SADAK NIRMAN TATHA BEBASTHAPAN

approaches_2522 - 尼泊尔

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完整性： 86%

1. 一般信息

1.2 参与方法评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

关键资源人员

SLM专业人员:

Sabita Aryal

SLM专业人员:

Sintah Ganga Raj

VDC, chamrangbesi

尼泊尔

SLM专业人员:

Shrestha Deepika

Jwagal.Kupondol

尼泊尔

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Kathmandu University (KU) - 尼泊尔

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Sarada Batase Village Development Committee (Sarada Batase VDC) - 尼泊尔

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

02/11/2012

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 SLM技术问卷的参考

2. SLM方法的描述

2.1 该方法的简要说明

It is a particular land conservation project to construct and manage road for the sustainable use of land.

2.2 该方法的详细说明

该方法的详细说明:

Aims / objectives: The main Objective if road construction is:
Mainly for the transportation so that it will make local people easy to travel.
Local people will be economically benefited.
For the development of the village.
To improve the living standard of local people.
.

Methods: Local people first decided the direction from where the road passes through. Then they collected funds and used dozer to dig and local people broke the stone. There was a voluntary participation of local people on road construction and gave huge contribution in road construction process.

Stages of implementation: First of all they were given knowledge about both the importance as well as consequences that they would be facing during the process of road construction.Keeping the consequences aside they decided to give some contribution in road construction to improve their life-style , they started gathering money and they voluntarily worked like passing stone ,breaking them and used dozer for main purpose. Funds for road construction was also provided by VDC

Role of stakeholders: 40% of the investment were done by the local people rest by the government.

Other important information: EIA was not done for construction of road.
Lack of engineer involvement for road construction.
Unmanaged road.
Lack of technology.

2.3 该方法的照片

媒体库

2.5 采用该方法的国家/地区/地点

国家:

尼泊尔

有关地点的进一步说明:

kavre

2.6 该方法的开始和终止日期

注明开始年份:

2009

终止年份（若不再采用该方法）:

2009

2.7 方法的类型

最近的本地倡议/创新

2.8 该方法的主要目的/目标

The Approach focused mainly on other activities than SLM (Transportation)

The main objective was to know about the road construction, how it was made, what were the budget, problems and treatment.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: The main problem in road construction was dust particle while the construction was carrying on due to which there was a health problem.
Lack of technical knowledge.
Some conflict among the villagers about their land use during road construction.
Some natural calamities like soil erosion.

2.9 推动或妨碍实施本办法所适用的技术的条件

财务资源和服务的可用性/可得性

阻碍

Financial problem as villagers had no large amount of money to invest

Treatment through the SLM Approach: They together collected money and some financial help from VDC's were given so that they can invest it during the road construction.

法律框架（土地使用权、土地和水使用权）

启动

The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights greatly helped the approach implementation: The road in the village has passed through different land owners so it has helped greatly.

阻碍

Conflicts among villagers for land use during road construction.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Solve it through several meetings.

了解SLM，获得技术支持

阻碍

Due to less economical interest less technology were hired.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Dozer, elevators and loaders were hired for the construction.

工作量、人力资源可用性

阻碍

people workload was increased due to less technology use.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: All the villagers worked together.

其他

阻碍

health problem due to dust particles.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: people used mask and glasses to avoid dust.

3. 相关利益相关者的参与和角色

3.1 该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责

当地土地使用者/当地社区

Invested money and helped in construction. Collected money and worked together. Not much differences as they both contributed in road construction. Women were less in number as compared to men as they had to work in their houses. Some of them were busy with house works. People whose land were used for construction were not paid well. They had a great problem dealing with it because the land which was used in road construction was only the source for them to earn money.

地方政府

Supported in the aid.

国家政府（规划者、决策者）

Supported in the aid.

government and VDC

Funded for road construction.

如果涉及多个利益相关者，请注明领导机构:

All the villagers were involved in road construction and gave huge contribution in constructing the raod

3.2 当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段

	当地土地使用者/当地社区的参与	指定参与人员并描述活动
启动/动机	互动	funding was done by both government and local people .
计划	互动	construction planning was done by villagers.
实施	自我动员	Local people initiated and implemented the work
监测/评估	无
Research	无

3.3 流程图（如可用）

具体说明:

It is a sequential chart showing different participants that played an important role in the road construction.

作者:

Deepika Shrestha (Jwagal,Kupondol)

3.4 有关SLM技术选择的决策

具体说明谁有权决定选择要实施的技术:

仅限土地使用者（自主）

解释:

In order to develop their village,for transportation purpose so that they could travel from one place to another easily, for business purpose they made decision on the choice of SLM Technology

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by by land users* alone (self-initiative / bottom-up). Local People asked for the financial help with government.Government provided some help but that was not enough so villagers among themselves collected money for the construction of the road

4. 技术支持、能力建设和知识管理

4.2 咨询服务

土地使用者有权使用咨询服务吗？:

是

说明/注释:

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; Lack of interest.

4.3 机构强化（组织发展）

是否通过这种方法建立或加强了机构？:

是，适度

具体说明机构的强化或建立程度:

本地

具体说明支持类型:

设备

提供进一步细节:

some advices were given before construction.

4.4 监测和评估

监测和评估是该方法的一部分吗？:

是

注释:

economic / production aspects were regular monitored by government, land users through observations; indicators: financial support for road construction.

no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored through measurements; indicators

road construction aspects were regular monitored by government, land users through observations; indicators

There were several changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: The width of road, slope angle and curve distance.

There were several changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Road width, slope angle and curve width.

4.5 研究

研究是该方法的一部分吗?

是

明确话题:

经济/市场营销
生态学
技术

提供进一步的细节，并指出是谁做的研究:

local peoples and VDC.

Research was carried out on-farm

5. 融资和外部物质支持

5.1 该方法中SLM组成部分的年度预算

如果不知道准确的年度预算，请给出一个范围:

100,000-1,000,000

注释（例如主要的资助来源/主要捐助者）:

Approach costs were met by the following donors: government (funded for road construction.): 50.0%; local government (district, county, municipality, village etc) (Supported in the aid.): 10.0%; local community / land user(s) (collected money.): 40.0%

5.2 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援

土地使用者是否获得实施该技术的财政/物质支持？:

是

5.3 对特定投入的补贴（包括劳动力）

设备

具体说明哪些投入得到了补贴	程度如何	对补贴做出具体说明
机械	充分融资
工具	充分融资

基建

具体说明哪些投入得到了补贴	程度如何	对补贴做出具体说明
道路	部分融资

如果土地使用者的劳动力是一项重要的投入，那么是不是:

自愿

注释:

Villagers voluntary worked for road construction for development for their village.

Machinery and tools were fully financed but due to lack of technicians, machine were not used properly.

5.4 信用

是否根据SLM活动的方法给予信用值？:

否

6. 影响分析和结论性陈述

6.1 方法的影响

该方法是否帮助土地使用者实施和维护SLM技术？:

否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大

Because while road construction all the trees were cut down due to which habitat of birds and animals were destroyed and natural calamities like soil erosion occurred and water pollution,noise pollution ,air pollution etc were also the problem faced during road construction.

该方法是否有助于社会和经济弱势群体？:

否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大

They have established shops, hotels and different vegetables can be sent to urban areas like kathmandu easily.

该方法是否改善了阻碍SLM技术实施的土地使用权/用户权问题？:

否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大

The problem is likely to be overcome in the near future. While extending the road,more land is required due to which dispute between the land owner may rise.

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?

否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大

Did the Approach lead to improved livelihoods / human well-being?

否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大

With road construction , transportation facility has become easy, also progress in business and living standard.

Did the Approach help to alleviate poverty?

否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大

Their have improved economic status and also living standard by growing crops in their land and transporting it to urban areas like Kathmandu ,by establishing shops hotels etc.

6.2 土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机

增加生产

transportation facilities

增加利润（能力），提高成本效益比

growing and selling the products

减少工作量

transportation facilities due to which their workload dereased.

加入运动/项目/团体/网络

some project may come and work for their village.

环境意识

pollution like air pollution,water pollution were reduced,sound health,healthy and fresh environment

well-being and livelihoods improvement

road construction helps to improve their living and economical standard.

for business purpose

they grow vegetables and send to city.

6.3 方法活动的可持续性

土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施（无外部支持的情况下）？:

若否或不确定，请具体说明并予以注释:

Lack of financial support for road construction,technicians,machines ,tools etc

6.4 该方法的长处/优点

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
They can sell their products and earn money. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: planting trees on the side of the road which will make soil hard and prevent from landslides, soil erosion which damages the road.)

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
sick person can be taken to hospital easily. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Wall line structure can be made so it prevent from landslides and soil erosion.)
Transportation facility will be available. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Road must be maintained from time to time.)
Import and Export of different local product. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Production of local product should be increased.)
People can travel to village easily. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: road should be pitched and should be extended. )

6.5 该方法的弱点/缺点以及克服它们的方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Dust particle may cause harm.	Road must be pitched.
If road is extended then land user must sacrifice some portion of their land.	Land users should be paid well for their land.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Road is gravelled and dusty.	Road must be pitched .
Road is dangerous and rough so maximum chance of accident.	Stone block must be constructed to prevent accident.