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Community-based Natural Resource Management [阿富汗]

Tanzeem Manabae Tabiee Tawasut Mardum (Dari)

approaches_2542 - 阿富汗

完整性: 83%

1. 一般信息

1.2 参与方法评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

关键资源人员

SLM专业人员:
SLM专业人员:
SLM专业人员:
SLM专业人员:

Ahmadi Ghulam Sakhi

AKF

阿富汗

SLM专业人员:

Jalil M. Altaf

AKF

阿富汗

SLM专业人员:

Hussaini Marzia

阿富汗

SLM专业人员:

Hussaini Baqir

阿富汗

SLM专业人员:

Wafa Jawad

阿富汗

SLM专业人员:

Jawadi Asadullah

阿富汗

SLM专业人员:

Yagoo Alex

阿富汗

SLM专业人员:

Eqbal Muhammad

阿富汗

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称(如相关)
HELVETAS (Swiss Intercooperation)

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

(现场)数据是什么时候汇编的?:

25/08/2015

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

1.4 SLM技术问卷的参考

2. SLM方法的描述

2.1 该方法的简要说明

An approach to community participation in the sustainable management of natural resources

2.2 该方法的详细说明

该方法的详细说明:

The main objective of the intervention was to reduce the surface run-off and sediment flow from the selected degraded watershed, with soil and water conservation measures through community participation.


Agha Khan Foundation and representatives from the selected Community Development Councils (CDC) surveyed the area and discussed the main land use problems. On the basis of feasibility surveys, potential SLM technologies were identified and implemented. Contour lines were prepared with the help of an A-frame and lime. Several men from Zai Mahmood village were employed as daily wage workers for the technology implementation works. The land users used their own tools for trench excavation. Each worker excavated on an average one trench per day. The daily wage was 250 AFS/USD.

The project was executed over two years. In addition to the structural measures, training and exposure visits for watershed management committee and pasture committee members, reseeding of more areas, tree plantation campaigns and group-based women vegetable farming were realized. Women were employed for seed collection work with cash for work approach. The area was protected from grazing and shrub cutting pressure. Seeds of different fodder varieties and shrubs were also cultivated.

Since the realization of the project in 2008, soil and vegetation cover has improved, people’s knowledge about soil and water conservation has increased, flash floods have been controlled and discharge in the spring located below the watershed has increased by about 40%. AKF continues to support the target communities with community development and institution building. The water-shed work is sustained by a watershed and pasture management committee appointed by the people from three respective CDCs.

The Community-Based Natural Resource Management approach is documented by Sustainable Land Management Project implemented/HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation which is funded by Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation with close support and cooperation of the Agha Khan Foundation (AKF).
The watershed project was funded by AusAID. The Aga Khan Foundation (AKF) facilitated the implementation by the community. The project was implemented in Zai Mahmood mountain slope area in Zai Mahmood village, Shiber district, Bamyan Province. The village, located downstream from the site, experienced problems such as excessive surface runoff/flash floods, snow avalanches, soil erosion, lack of drinking water, lack of soil moisture at the site.

2.3 该方法的照片

2.5 采用该方法的国家/地区/地点

国家:

阿富汗

区域/州/省:

Zai Mahmood village

有关地点的进一步说明:

Bamyan center, Afghanistan

2.6 该方法的开始和终止日期

注明开始年份:

2008

2.7 方法的类型

  • 基于项目/方案

2.8 该方法的主要目的/目标

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Disaster Risk Reduction, Pasture Improvement, Gender Equity, Income Generation)

Strengthen the capacity (organizational and technical), of the community to: restore their degraded lands, demonstrate multi-purpose soil and water conservation measures, reduce floods and snow avalanches, improve pastures, improve gender equity and the involvement of social disadvantaged groups, employment and income generation

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Lack of knowledge in terms of sustainable watershed management; poverty; drought; floods and avalanches

2.9 推动或妨碍实施本办法所适用的技术的条件

社会/文化/宗教规范和价值观
  • 阻碍

Community-based management capacity was weak

Treatment through the SLM Approach: CDCs capacities were enhanced

财务资源和服务的可用性/可得性
  • 阻碍

Community’s low economy

Treatment through the SLM Approach: AKF provided financial support; also there were contributions from the participating community

机构设置
  • 阻碍

Lack of organizational structures

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Watershed and pasture management committees formed

了解SLM,获得技术支持
  • 阻碍

Lack of technical awareness



Treatment through the SLM Approach: AKF provided technical support

3. 相关利益相关者的参与和角色

3.1 该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责

  • 当地土地使用者/当地社区
  • 社区组织
3.2 当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段
当地土地使用者/当地社区的参与 指定参与人员并描述活动
启动/动机 互动 Meetings and Workshops for men and women
计划 互动 With CDC members, mainly men for watershed works
实施 外部支持 Interactive, Cash for work, Contributions from communities as well
监测/评估 互动 Ad hoc observations
Research 互动 Analyzing technology performance and making adjustments if required

3.3 流程图(如可用)

具体说明:

The organization structure of the NRM project implemented in Zai Mahmood village, Shiber district, Bamyan, Afganistan

作者:

Agha Khan Foundation (AKF)

3.4 有关SLM技术选择的决策

具体说明谁有权决定选择要实施的技术:
  • 主要是SLM专家,咨询土地使用者之后
解释:

AKF conducted awareness workshops before project implementation.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by land users supported by SLM specialists. land users implemented the technology after receiving guidelines from SLM specialists.

4. 技术支持、能力建设和知识管理

4.1 能力建设/培训

是否为土地使用者/其他利益相关者提供培训?:

明确受训人员:
  • 土地使用者
  • 现场工作人员/顾问
培训形式:
  • 在职
  • 农民对农民
  • 示范区域
  • 公开会议
涵盖的主题:

Vegetable farming for women; soil and water conservation; watershed management; pasture management. Training was mainly on-the-job, and awareness was raised through public meetings, site visits and demonstrations.

4.2 咨询服务

土地使用者有权使用咨询服务吗?:

说明/注释:

On-site visits by DAIL (Department of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock; Key elements: Pasture management, Site selection

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; The government or other advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities although the staff turnover rate in government sector is high. DAIL Bamyan office has the technical capacity but not adequate financial resources.

4.3 机构强化(组织发展)

是否通过这种方法建立或加强了机构?:
  • 是,非常
具体说明机构的强化或建立程度:
  • 本地
具体说明支持类型:
  • 财务
  • 能力建设/培训
提供进一步细节:

CDCs and District Development Assembly (DDA) in terms of financial and capacity building of participating

4.4 监测和评估

监测和评估是该方法的一部分吗?:

注释:

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through measurements; indicators: Biomass before and after
technical aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff, land users through observations; indicators: growth of saplings, shrubs and fodder grasses (alfalfa)
socio-cultural aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff, land users through measurements; indicators: Water availablity, food security, income
economic / production aspects were regular monitored by project staff through measurements; indicators: fodder production, income
area treated aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff through measurements; indicators: areas where technology was applied
no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through measurements; indicators: CDCs and men and women involved
management of Approach aspects were regular monitored by project staff, government, land users through observations; indicators: area protected or not

There were few changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Women has given some more chances for the participation but still there is long way to go. There were some technology refinements and adjustments in project management.

4.5 研究

研究是该方法的一部分吗?

明确话题:
  • 社会学
  • 经济/市场营销
  • 生态学
  • 技术
提供进一步的细节,并指出是谁做的研究:

However there are no publications to verify that. Research was carried out on-farm

5. 融资和外部物质支持

5.1 该方法中SLM组成部分的年度预算

如果不知道准确的年度预算,请给出一个范围:
  • 10,000-100,000
注释(例如主要的资助来源/主要捐助者):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international: 50.0%; national non-government: 30.0%; local community / land user(s): 20.0%

5.4 信用

是否根据SLM活动的方法给予信用值?:

5.5 其它激励或手段

是否有其他激励措施或工具用于促进SLM技术的实施?:

6. 影响分析和结论性陈述

6.1 方法的影响

该方法是否帮助土地使用者实施和维护SLM技术?:
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大

Increased water and soil quality with more vegetation and reduction in floods

该方法是否有助于社会和经济弱势群体?:
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大

Through increased decision-making powers about natural resources by poor and marginalized members of the community.

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大

There is no spontaneous adoption.

Did the Approach lead to improved livelihoods / human well-being?
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大

Cash for work improved income of some families, flash floods reduced, spring discharge increased, natural assets preserved.

Did the Approach help to alleviate poverty?
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大

By increasing water for agriculture and feed for livestock

6.2 土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机

6.3 方法活动的可持续性

土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施(无外部支持的情况下)?:
  • 不确定
若否或不确定,请具体说明并予以注释:

Although the participating CDCs indicate that they will continue to manage the watershed properly

6.4 该方法的长处/优点

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Increase in vegetation cover
People knowledge regarding SWC improved
Increase in spring water
Flash flood controlled
Watershed and pasture management committees formed

6.5 该方法的弱点/缺点以及克服它们的方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险 如何克服它们?
Disturbance in NRM / soil disturbance


Minimize the soil disturbance, and compact the excavated soil
Increase in mice Compact the excavated soil, other control measures
Plant growth is slow due to high elevation Choose adaptable species
No watershed benefit sharing mechanism in place Benefit mechanism be developed in a participatory way and agreed by the land users and other stakeholders

7. 参考和链接

7.1 方法/信息来源

  • 实地考察、实地调查
  • 与土地使用者的访谈

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