1.2 参与方法评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

FAO-Action Against Desertification

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) - 意大利

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 该方法的简要说明

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has been implementing a participatory approach to implement large-scale restoration of degraded land in the Sahel, by placing rural communities at the center. In the framework of the Great Green Wall initiative, well adapted useful native species of trees, shrubs, and fodder grasses are planted in agro-sylvo-pastoral land that responds to community needs and preferences and at the same time to the ecological suitability.

2.2 该方法的详细说明

该方法的详细说明:

The approach is implemented under FAO's Action against Desertification (AAD) programme in the Great Green Wall for the Sahara and the Sahel (GGWSSI); Africa's flagship initiative to combat the effects of climate change and desertification, and address food insecurity and poverty, bringing together more than 20 African countries with international organizations, research institutes, civil society and grassroots organizations. Through the GGWSSI, the vision is a mosaic of sustainable land use practices and productive landscapes across North Africa, the Sahel and the Horn.
Community participation in the Great Green Wall Restoration is a people-centered approach to rangeland management that puts communities at the heart of restoration efforts and focusses on their needs for useful plant species such as well-adapted native trees, shrubs and fodder grasses with a high resilience to drought and preferences for restoration in support of their livelihoods. Village communities decide on lands and on diverse species that they can use for food, to feed animals, for medical care and to produce economically valuable goods for local, national and even international markets, such as gum Arabic for example. Technically, AAD support the implementation of land restoration activities through provision of necessary equipment and strengthening the technical and functional capacities of individuals, communities, and organizations in restoration techniques and sustainable land management.
The main objectives of this approach are:
a) Poverty alleviation;
b) Ending hunger;
c) Improving resilience to climate change using a landscape approach.
The restoration approach is based on a five-step model:
• Communities: needs and requirements for restoration are determined through in-depth consultations with communities.
• Research: the quality seed is made available for the propagation of economically viable, locally adapted and bio-diverse material.
• Operational procedure: ensuring efficient operational restoration processes, including land preparation and management, assisted natural regeneration and planting.
• Monitoring: evaluating the field performance of species, as well as communal activities such as maintenance and management of restored areas.
• Capacity development: develop village technicians’ capacities in forest seed collecting and nursery techniques, planting, maintenance and management of restored areas, and development of plant products, marketing, and local business management.

2.3 该方法的照片

2.4 该方法的视频

2.5 采用该方法的国家/地区/地点

2.6 该方法的开始和终止日期

2.7 方法的类型

• 基于项目/方案

2.8 该方法的主要目的/目标

Key elements and aim of this approach include:
• That the right species planted in the right place.
• Promote the use of quality native forest and fodder seeds for restoration.
• Ensuring that a wide range of useful plant species is used or made available for use.
• Managing natural regeneration of species and planted areas through village management committees.
• Updating a species database for gene-pool traceability, monitoring, reporting and for future uses of data and information.

2.9 推动或妨碍实施本办法所适用的技术的条件

3.1 该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责

3.2 当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段

	当地土地使用者/当地社区的参与	指定参与人员并描述活动
启动/动机	互动	Communities local knowledge, needs and aspirations were the back-borne of the project. Communities were extensively consulted on species identification and prioritization based on needs including speed of return of products for the local communities, personal knowledge and inspirations. This was through questionnaires and village workshops. I bigger commitment and buy-in from the community was also a prerequisite for activities to start as they had to commit to contribute land and labour in-kind. As a matter of fact, selection of villages for restoration was based on among other things motivation and commitment by communities to participate in restoration activities. and community based structures and organization.
计划	互动	Extensive planning was done with communities before implementation e.g. to agree on planting time ( at onset of rains), use of traditional techniques and land scarification.
实施	互动	Implementation was done actively with communities who volunteered traditional knowledge and labour to the activities. This had built on the initiation; where species were selected and prioritized, planning of activities and later labour in preparation of land, setting up nurseries and trans-planting.
监测/评估	互动	Monitoring and field data collection on survival and growth of seedlings were carried out by trained village technicians in collaboration with the communities and technical institutions.

3.3 流程图（如可用）

3.4 有关SLM技术选择的决策

具体说明谁有权决定选择要实施的技术:

• 所有相关参与者，作为参与式方法的一部分

解释:

This is a local initiative that uses traditional ecological knowledge and multi-purpose plant species (of known benefits to the local communities) for restoration.
Community participation, lifestyles and preferences and a careful analysis of ecological landscapes are carefully considered and then matched to suitable interventions. This similar approach has been applied by other projects in the GGWSSI region however although has not often been formally disseminated to wider audiences.

明确做出决策的依据:

• 对充分记录的SLM知识进行评估（基于证据的决策）
• 研究结果
• 个人经验和意见（无记录）

4.1 能力建设/培训

是否为土地使用者/其他利益相关者提供培训？:

是

明确受训人员:

• 土地使用者
• 现场工作人员/顾问

如果相关，请说明性别、年龄、地位、种族等。:

100 small-scale farmers were trained in 2017, in Natural Assisted Regeneration techniques and 40 farmers were trained in forest and fodder seed collection and the production of seedlings in village nurseries and in the management of planted sites.

培训形式:

• 课程

涵盖的主题:

Technical training was provided to villages in formal modules on how to collect quality seeds in defined seed zones. The training was provided by the national forest seed centres . The trainings were on seedling production and participatory forest management . Other areas covered included; added-value and the development of plant products (non-timber forest products), marketing and local business management to support income generation.

注释:

Apart from the restoration technical areas covered above, additional areas of training included; improving adult literacy, family health and nutritional standards. This was done together with specialized rural sector developers.

4.2 咨询服务

土地使用者有权使用咨询服务吗？:

是

指明是否提供了咨询服务:

• 在土地使用者的土地上
• 在固定中心

• workshops

说明/注释:

To re-introduce plant for large-scale restoration, effective use of seeds of wild species demands sufficient biological and technical knowledge on a big number of species to allow for collection, storage and germination of seeds and establishment of seedlings. In this approach therefore, the technical know-how of RBG Kew and related partnership with forest seed centres that allowed for collection of quality seeds.

4.3 机构强化（组织发展）

是否通过这种方法建立或加强了机构？:

• 是，非常

具体说明机构的强化或建立程度:

• 本地
• 区域
• 国家

说明机构、角色和职责、成员等。:

Institutions: National government; NGOs, CBOs,
Support to the national government who is the national agency for the GGW is the entry point. Through them ad based on national objectives, the project moves to a decentralized level. At the national level, capacities have been improved on monitoring and evaluation techniques; seed identification and selection and handling.
Local level: these are the implementing partners and do work on the ground. Their capacities have been improved on seed selection and restoration techniques and on data collection
Regional level: more collaboration, coordination and knowledge sharing on the GGW initiatives as well as peer to peer learning.

具体说明支持类型:

• 财务
• 能力建设/培训
• 设备

提供进一步细节:

Equipment: mainly for land preparation for planting and non-timber forest processing.

4.4 监测和评估

监测和评估是该方法的一部分吗？:

是

注释:

Regular monitoring is carried out by village communities involved in the restoration exercise. The activities include assessing seedling survival and growth and planted surface areas.

若是，该文件是否用于监测和评估？:

否

4.5 研究

研究是该方法的一部分吗?

是

明确话题:

• 社会学
• 经济/市场营销
• 生态学

提供进一步的细节，并指出是谁做的研究:

Through a questionnaire, communities define their needs and preferences of species, the objectives of land restoration in their available agro-sylvo-pastoral degraded lands. Results of this consultation are fed back to them after analyses by the project team (researchers, plant expertise, seed centres) for the feasibility, suitability and availability of the requested species. This allows commonly to agree on interventions, priorities and implementation plans with roles and responsibility from the communities as well as from the technical teams.
1. Sociology: prior research was done on social diversity of village communities on areas such as gender, age, profession among others to decide on village selections but also ensure required balance.
2. Economics/marketing: This was multi-faceted on one hand looking at community economic needs and priorities and also on how to value addition to non-timber forest products. The plant-use data received from respondents were classified according to the Economic Botany Data Collection.
These helped in deciding and prioritizing species according to community needs.
3. Ecology: GGW initiative is typically for drylands with challenges such as moisture retention. Thus the ecology of the place was studied to identify suitable plant species that would thrive under these conditions of course in combination with traditional technologies that have been developed to overcome the moisture deficits.
The botany of selected species was further examined in laboratories to first of all check their suitability to dryland environments and thereafter to ensure good quality seeds are used including ensuring genetic diversity

5.1 该方法中SLM组成部分的年度预算

如果不知道准确的年度预算，请给出一个范围:

• 100,000-1,000,000

注释（例如主要的资助来源/主要捐助者）:

Action Against Desertification is implemented by FAO and partners with funding from the European Union in the framework of the 10th European Development Fund (EDF). The GGWI under AAD in Niger is funded up to around 1.5m USD for the four years of the project.

5.2 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援

土地使用者是否获得实施该技术的财政/物质支持？:

是

如果是，请具体说明支持的类型、条件和提供者:

Finances are needed for purchasing equipment, seeds were also provided, seed testing to establish the desired type/species.

5.3 对特定投入的补贴（包括劳动力）

• 劳动力

• 设备

• 农业

• 建筑

如果土地使用者的劳动力是一项重要的投入，那么是不是:

• 获得其他物质支持

注释:

In partnership with WFP there was collaboration on food for assets and incentives from the project such as trainings on preparation of vegetable gardens..

5.4 信用

是否根据SLM活动的方法给予信用值？:

否

5.5 其它激励或手段

是否有其他激励措施或工具用于促进SLM技术的实施？:

是

如果是，请具体说明:

Functional capacity building village communities for example in management of restoration sites and development of community forest products

6.1 方法的影响

6.2 土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机

6.3 方法活动的可持续性

土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施（无外部支持的情况下）？:

• 是

若是，请说明如何维持:

The capacity being developed should help farmers continue without external intervention e.g. training in collecting planting material, planting technique and in managing the plot enable continuity and the capacities developed stay within the community examples; the trained village technicians.

6.4 该方法的长处/优点

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Builds on existing knowledge such as the use of zhai and pit planting.
Income generation e.g. from selling of seeds to governments and other land users.
Helping achieve communities specifics objectives such as increasing tree cover.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
The consultation process and the mutual trust built over time, which make people buy-in the programme and feel the ownership of the activities on the ground.
The technical and scientific feedback answers to priorities and preoccupation of land users in terms of restoration objectives.
The involvement of people in monitoring and management of their planted sites as they contribute their lands and labour.

6.5 该方法的弱点/缺点以及克服它们的方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Inability to adequately influence donor plans.	Frequent consultations.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Inability to address all the needs of the beneficiaries. Such as demand for water supply in dry seasons restoration while project focusses on rainfed restoration.	Increased dialogue on interventions across sectors such as with donors for more systematic and integrated approach.
Lack of flexibility in implementation to consider some of the upcoming demands of communities.

7.1 方法/信息来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

FAO. 2015. Global guidelines for the restoration of degraded forests and landscapes in drylands: building resilience and benefitting livelihoods. Forestry Paper No. 175. Rome, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

UN-FAO

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Community participation at the heart of Africa’s Great Green Wall Restoration model. Authors: M. Sacande, N. Berahmouni and S. Hargreaves. In Unasylva. Volume 66 2015/3

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

UN-FAO

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

Action Against Desertification (FAO)

URL:

http://www.fao.org/in-action/action-against-desertification/en/

标题/说明:

Building Africa’s Great Green Wall: Restoring degraded drylands for stronger and more resilient communities

URL:

http://www.fao.org/3/a-i6476e.pdf

标题/说明:

Forest and Landscape Restoration Approach

URL:

http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5212e.pdf