方法

Agricultural Landscape Approach for SLM Implementation [不丹]

Yuenten Sazhi Zinchong Gi Dhoen Lu Sanam Sazhing Ngoe Zin Bae Thang (ཡུན་བརྟན་ས་གཞི་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་གི་དོན་ལུ་སོ་ནམ་ས་ཞིང་ངོས་འཛིན་འབད་ཐངས་།)

approaches_6848 - 不丹

完整性: 97%

1. 一般信息

1.2 参与方法评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

关键资源人员

土地使用者:

Dorji Damchoe

+97577463000

Namlaythang village, Tsangkha Gewog, Dagana Dzongkhag

不丹

土地使用者:

Tsagay

77438522

Namlaythang village, Tsangkha Gewog, Dagana Dzongkhag

不丹

土地使用者:

Dema Jigme

17405863

Namlaythang village, Tsangkha Gewog, Dagana Dzongkhag

不丹

土地使用者:

Wangda Yeshi

17888916

Namlaythang village, Tsangkha Gewog, Dagana Dzongkhag

不丹

土地使用者:

Norbu Nyagay

17504186

Namlaythang village, Tsangkha Gewog, Dagana Dzongkhag

不丹

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的项目名称(如相关)
Strengthening national-level institutional and professional capacities of country Parties towards enhanced UNCCD monitoring and reporting – GEF 7 EA Umbrella II (GEF 7 UNCCD Enabling Activities_Umbrella II)
有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称(如相关)
National Soil Services Centre, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture & Livestock (NSSC) - 不丹

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

(现场)数据是什么时候汇编的?:

11/07/2023

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

2. SLM方法的描述

2.1 该方法的简要说明

The Agricultural Landscape Approach in Sustainable Land Management is a holistic and integrated strategy that focuses on managing agricultural landscapes in a sustainable manner. The approach was successfully initiated in Namlaythang village and transformed the whole agricultural landscape covering 107 acres (43 ha) while benefitting 55 resettled households.

2.2 该方法的详细说明

该方法的详细说明:

The Agriculture Landscape Approach in Sustainable Land Management (SLM) is a holistic and integrated strategy that focuses on managing agricultural landscapes in a sustainable manner. This approach recognizes the interrelation of various elements within a landscape, including soil, water, biodiversity, and human activities, ultimately aiming to optimize the benefits derived from these interactions while minimizing negative environmental impacts.
This approach was initiated in Namlaythang village under Tsangkha gewog (block), Dagana Dzongkhag (district). Namlaythang was chosen for this approach because it is a new settlement with 55 resettled households who were granted land ranging from 1.75 to 3 acres (0.7 to 1.2 hectares) per family by His Majesty the King as per the National Rehabilitation Program. Since the area was recently cleared and converted to settlement and farming, there was a huge risk of land degradation due to direct exposure to rain and unsustainable agriculture practices. Therefore, it was not only timely to implement SLM to prevent land degradation but also appropriate to have adopted the Agricultural Landscape Approach by engaging the whole community.
The main aim of adopting the agricultural landscape approach was to bring transformational change at a scale. Too often, we plan and implement SLM interventions supported by different projects in small, localized areas and in a scattered manner. This limits the ability to scale out success (both spatially and temporally) despite being positive initiatives. The approach was also intended to facilitate a multi-stakeholder platform by bringing relevant stakeholders together to discuss common objectives and draw synergies across different agencies.
The process started by discussing the idea with the Dzongkhag and gewog agriculture offices followed by sensitization of land users on the importance of SLM and its technologies. This was followed by Participatory SLM Action planning wherein detailed action plans were prepared based on landowners’ interest, feasibility of their land and the available technologies. The next mandatory activity carried out before implementation of SLM in the field was the conduct of field based hands-on training of the land users. The main SLM technologies planned and implemented included terracing, stone bunds, hedgerows, check dams/ gully plugs and plantations. In addition, climate resilient agriculture practices were also promoted such as greenhouses, low-cost water harvesting ponds, drip irrigation sets and fruit tree plantations.
In promoting this approach and other technologies, several stakeholders were involved including the Dzongkhag and gewog agriculture offices, National Soil Services Center (NSSC), Agriculture Research and Development Center, Bajo (ARDC-Bajo), the landowners and a Green Climate Fund (GCF) Project. The agricultural offices provided the overall coordination and the facilitation role in implementing the approach and its associated technologies. The NSSC provided sensitization and training on SLM technologies and also facilitated participatory SLM Action Planning with the landowners and other stakeholders. Similarly, the ARDC-Bajo arranged material inputs for climate resilient agriculture practices and provided technical assistance to the landowners and the gewog agriculture extension officer. The GCF Project provided financial support based on the action plan.

The implementation of SLM and climate resilient agriculture practices following agricultural landscape approach in Namlaythang have been a great success. The approach has brought a transformational change at the landscape level through various SLM interventions which collectively contributed towards reduction of soil erosion and nutrient loss, conservation of soil moisture and the improvement of overall soil health and food security. The land users also feel empowered through sensitization, capacity building and their engagement in the whole process. In brief, the land users expressed their satisfaction with the approach and the impacts it has created in the agricultural landscape which is the basis of their livelihoods.

A major weakness of the approach is that there is no institution/group/cooperative formed for efficient coordination among the land users and other stakeholders which questions its sustainability.

2.3 该方法的照片

2.4 该方法的视频

日期:

11/07/2023

摄影师的名字:

Chimi Yangki

2.5 采用该方法的国家/地区/地点

国家:

不丹

区域/州/省:

Dagana Dzongkhag

有关地点的进一步说明:

Goongpa-Soomchu Chiwog, Tsangkha Gewog

2.6 该方法的开始和终止日期

注明开始年份:

2020

2.7 方法的类型

  • 基于项目/方案

2.8 该方法的主要目的/目标

To bring about transformational change through project intervention at the landscape level.

2.9 推动或妨碍实施本办法所适用的技术的条件

社会/文化/宗教规范和价值观
  • 启动

The strong community cooperation

财务资源和服务的可用性/可得性
  • 启动

The SLM and climate resilient agriculture technologies were implemented with financial support provided by the government through a Green Climate Fund (GCF) project

机构设置
  • 启动

The land users implement a labour-sharing system where all the land users come together to work in the field and go to the next after completion of that field. They take turns to work in the field of all the land users.

参与者的的协作/协调
  • 启动

All the relevant stakeholders (Dzongkhag, Gewog, Research, NSSC, Land owners) came together in implementing SLM and climate resilient agriculture practices

法律框架(土地使用权、土地和水使用权)
  • 启动

The land is granted by His Majesty the King to the landless families under Land Use Certificate (LUC), where the land users have the right to settle, cultivate and make a living from the land, but do not have right to sell their land.

政策
  • 启动

National Food and Nutrition Security 2022
Bhutan Water Policy 2007

土地治理(决策、实施和执行)
  • 启动

The land users with land use right only. The land users can cultivate different crops on the land by implementing SLM technologies.

了解SLM,获得技术支持
  • 启动

Technical support was provided by the Gewog Agriculture Extension Officer, Agriculture Research Development Centre (ARDC) and NSSC. Moreover, there is a willingness of the farmers to gain more knowledge and experience.

市场(购买投入,销售产品)和价格
  • 启动

The village is well connected by the newly constructed farm road. All the farm produces can be marketed locally or can be taken to other markets

工作量、人力资源可用性
  • 阻碍

Since most of the children were enrolled in schools, farm labour shortage is of major concern.

3. 相关利益相关者的参与和角色

3.1 该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责

  • 当地土地使用者/当地社区

Land owners

Attend sensitization and training program on SLM technologies and implement in the field.

  • SLM专家/农业顾问

National Soil Services Center (NSSC)

NSSC provided training, sensitization and demonstration on SLM technologies to the land owners

  • 研究人员

Agriculture Research and Development Centre (ARDC)

ARDC provided material inputs and technical assistance in implementing Climate Resilient Agriculture Practices in the field.

  • 地方政府

Dzongkhag and gewog agriculture offices

The Dzongkhag and gewog agriculture offices arranged financial and technical assistance in implementing SLM and Climate Resilient Agriculture Practices in the field while also coordinating and facilitating the whole implementation process.

  • 国际组织

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Provided financial support through a Green Climate Fund (GCF) Project

3.2 当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段
当地土地使用者/当地社区的参与 指定参与人员并描述活动
启动/动机 互动 The land owners actively participate in the initial discussion on the SLM implementation following landscape approach. The process was facilitaed by the local government officials.
计划 互动 The land onwers and the local elected leaders were involved in the participatory SLM action planning that was facilitated jointly by the Dzongkhag and the NSSC.
实施 自我动员 Land owners organized themselves into informal groups to implement SLM interventions with technical assistance from the Dzongkhag, gewog and ARDC.
监测/评估 互动 Land owners were involved in the periodic monitoring and evaluation carried out jointly by the Dzongkhag, gewog, NSSC, ARDC and the GCF project.

3.3 流程图(如可用)

具体说明:

This Flow chart shows the actors and their involvement in implementing Agricultural Landscape Approach in Namlaythang. It clearly shows that for planning and resource mobilization, other actors including the National Soil Services Centre, Green Climate Fund Project and the Agriculture Research and Development Centre worked through the Dzongkhag and Gewog Agriculture Offices. But for monitoring and evaluation, those actors can come directly to the field and carry out monitoring and evaluation without necessarily engaging the Dzongkhag and Gewog Agriculture Offices. However, if there is a need, they can inform and invite Dzongkhag and Gewog Agriculture Officials.

作者:

Tashi Wangdi

3.4 有关SLM技术选择的决策

具体说明谁有权决定选择要实施的技术:
  • 所有相关参与者,作为参与式方法的一部分
解释:

Following the sensitization on SLM technologies, Participatory SLM Action Planning was carried out wherein the land owners, gewog agriculture extension and the SLM Specialists from NSSC jointly select and decide on SLM technologies to be implemented in the field.

  • The decision was made based on the sensitization and the feasibility of the farming landscape.

4. 技术支持、能力建设和知识管理

4.1 能力建设/培训

是否为土地使用者/其他利益相关者提供培训?:

明确受训人员:
  • 土地使用者
如果相关,请说明性别、年龄、地位、种族等。:

Gender equity is generally maintained by inviting equal number of male and female participants and of different age groups.

培训形式:
  • 示范区域
涵盖的主题:

SLM Technologies (Terracing, hedgerows, stone bunds, plantations and check dams)

注释:

The training was field based and practical oriented.

4.2 咨询服务

土地使用者有权使用咨询服务吗?:

指明是否提供了咨询服务:
  • 在土地使用者的土地上
说明/注释:

Advisory services were provided by the agriculture advisers from the Dzongkhag and Gewog Agriculture offices.

4.3 机构强化(组织发展)

是否通过这种方法建立或加强了机构?:
  • 是,非常
具体说明机构的强化或建立程度:
  • 本地
  • 区域
  • 国家
说明机构、角色和职责、成员等。:

There is no new institution established within the approach. However, various institutions were involved in promoting the technologies under the approach. At the local level, Dzongkhag and Gewog agriculture offices were involved in overall coordination and provided technical guidance. The Dzongkhag agriculture offices were also involved in sourcing funds for the implementation of the approach. Regional Agriculture Research and Development Center, Bajo (ARDC-Bajo) arranged material inputs for climate-resilient agriculture practices and provided technical assistance to the gewog agriculture extension officer and land owners. National Soil Service Center (NSSC) provided sensitization and training on SLM technologies and also facilitated participatory SLM Action Planning with the land owners and other stakeholders. The Green Climate Fund (GCF) Project was the main funding agency providing financial support based on the action plan.

具体说明支持类型:
  • 财务
  • 能力建设/培训
  • 设备
提供进一步细节:

The major financial support was provided by the GCF project and minor fund support was provided by the government for the implementation of the approach. Various stakeholders including NSSC, ARDC-Bajo, Dzongkhag and gewog offices were involved in the capacity building of the land owners. However, gewog offices were involved constantly due to the proximity and direct contact with the land owners. Equipment for the construction of greenhouses, low-cost water harvesting ponds, drip irrigation, terracing, stone bunds, hedgerows and check dams were provided during the implementation of technologies under the approach.

4.4 监测和评估

监测和评估是该方法的一部分吗?:

注释:

The monitoring and evaluation are periodically done by the Dzongkhag Agriculture Office, NSSC and the Project Management Unit of the GCF Project.

若是,该文件是否用于监测和评估?:

注释:

The documentation is intended to be used for monitoring and evaluation and also for knowledge sharing.

4.5 研究

研究是该方法的一部分吗?

5. 融资和外部物质支持

5.1 该方法中SLM组成部分的年度预算

如果不知道准确的年度预算,请给出一个范围:
  • 10,000-100,000
注释(例如主要的资助来源/主要捐助者):

The main funding source is GCF project

5.2 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援

土地使用者是否获得实施该技术的财政/物质支持?:

如果是,请具体说明支持的类型、条件和提供者:

The implementation of all the SLM technologies was funded by the GCF project. Besides, land owners also received material supports such as greenhouses, low cost water harvesting ponds, drip irrigation sets, seeds and seedlings with financial support from the project and government.

5.3 对特定投入的补贴(包括劳动力)

  • 农业
具体说明哪些投入得到了补贴 程度如何 对补贴做出具体说明
种子 充分融资 Vegetable seeds
  • 建筑
具体说明哪些投入得到了补贴 程度如何 对补贴做出具体说明
石料 充分融资 For stone check dam construction in the gullies
木材 充分融资 For log check dam construction in the gullies
  • 基建
具体说明哪些投入得到了补贴 程度如何 对补贴做出具体说明
Greenhouse 充分融资 Prefabricated Greenhouse sets
如果土地使用者的劳动力是一项重要的投入,那么是不是:
  • 自愿
注释:

Land owners usually arrange their own family labour or through labour exchange to implement SLM technologies in the field.

5.4 信用

是否根据SLM活动的方法给予信用值?:

5.5 其它激励或手段

是否有其他激励措施或工具用于促进SLM技术的实施?:

如果是,请具体说明:

The SLM Technologies and Climate Resilient Agriculture practices were provided in line with the SLM Guidelines and Best Practices 2021 and the Cost Sharing Mechanisms of the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock.

6. 影响分析和结论性陈述

6.1 方法的影响

该方法是否有助于当地土地使用者,提高利益相关者的参与度?:
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大

The approach empowered local land users through capacity building and self-mobilization in implementing SLM technologies in the field.

该方法是否帮助土地使用者实施和维护SLM技术?:
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大

The landscape approach encouraged all the land owners to participate and implement SLM Technologies.

该方法是否提高了SLM的协调性和成本效益?:
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大

The landscape approach enabled stakeholders to converge and coordinate better planning and implementation by avoiding duplication and harnessing synergy and complimentary effects.

The landscape approach was used in accessing financial support from the GCF Project.

该方法是否提高了土地使用者实施土地管理的知识和能力?:
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大

The training and technical support were provided to the land users improving their knowledge and skills to implement SLM technologies.

该方法是否建立/加强了机构、利益相关者之间的合作?:
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大

The landscape approach greatly enhanced collaboration between the existing stakeholders as it brought all the relevant stakeholders together to improve the land on which people depend for their livelihoods. For example, the gewog extension officers were trained by NSSC and ARDC-Bajo to disseminate technical information to the land users. However, there is no institution/group formed as part of the approach through which land users communicate within themselves or with other stakeholders to maintain or improve the technologies under the approach.

该方法是否改善了粮食安全/改善了营养?:
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大

Through this approach different SLM and Climate Resilient Agriculture practices were implemented which ensures better soil health, better soil productivity and improved food security.

该方法是否改善了供水和卫生条件?:
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大

Through this approach, certain supports were given to improve access and better utilization of water resource.

该方法是否提高了土地使用者适应气候变化/极端情况和减轻气候相关灾害的能力?:
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大

The landscape approach did improve the capacity of the land users through training and their active participation in the implementation of SLM technologies in the field.

该方法是否会带来就业、收入机会?:
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大

The landscape approach did contribute moderately to employment and income opportunities as some of the SLM technologies encouraged land owners to work their land and produce more for cash income.

6.2 土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机

  • 增加生产

The land is the basis of food production. So any improvement in land will contribute towards better production.

  • 增加利润(能力),提高成本效益比

The land is a main source of livelihood for the land users and a source of income. Therefore, taking care of the land to prevent erosion and ease farming is one of the main priorities.

  • 减少土地退化

Reducing land degradation is the main motivation of the land users as their land which was under forest cover was recently cleared and allocated to the land users for agricultural use. Thus the risk of surface erosion and landslides is high as the land surface is exposed directly to sun and rain. Therefore, the implementation of SLM technologies such as terracing, hedgerows, stone bunds and check dams help reduce soil erosion and landslides.

  • 降低灾害风险

Implementation of SLM technologies reduces the vulnerability of the land to disasters such as landslides and erosion.

  • 提高SLM知识和技能

The land owners were sensitized, trained and actively involved in the implementation of SLM Technologies.

  • 美学改进

Physical land terracing improves aestheic value and look of the agricultural landscape.

6.3 方法活动的可持续性

土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施(无外部支持的情况下)?:
若是,请说明如何维持:

Based on the experience that land users have gained over the past 5 years, the land owners can sustain the technology implemented through this approach without external support as the maintenance cost is very minimal. The land owners feel that they can carry out maintenance on their own.

6.4 该方法的长处/优点

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
The community has not experienced any reported problems related to landslides, indicating the positive impact of terracing and check dams that have ensured the overall stability and sustainability of the area.
The land users can make a living from increased agricultural production and cash income.
Since the land was granted by His Majesty the King, the community receives so much of attention and technical support from different agencies. This has enabled the land users to avail much needed SLM interventions through the landscape approach.
编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
The land users are exposed to new knowledge and skills to implement SLM technologies, which could serve as a model for further replication in other areas.
There is a transformational change at the landscape level, which otherwise becomes difficult if landscape approach was not adopted.

6.5 该方法的弱点/缺点以及克服它们的方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险 如何克服它们?
No institution/group/cooperative has been formed for efficient coordination among the land users. By forming a permanent or formal group to continue the implementation and management of the SLM technologies.
Limited integration of livestock and forest related technologies due to limited fund. Explore additional funding source from other sources such as Bhutan Trust Fund for Environmental Conservation (BTFEC) and UNDP Small Grant Project (SGP) to support implementation of livestock and forestry activities.
编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险 如何克服它们?
No lead agency or personnel to initiate group formation. The Gewog Agriculture Extension Officer could lead the group formation if they feel the need.
Lack of frequent monitoring of the implemented SLM technologies leading to reduced performance in terms of agriculture production and maintenance of the SLM technologies. Ensure timely monotiring from the Gewog and Dzongkhag Agriculture offices

7. 参考和链接

7.1 方法/信息来源

  • 实地考察、实地调查

Five

  • 与土地使用者的访谈

Five

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Sustainable Land Management (SLM) Guidelines and Best Practices 2021, The National Soil Services Center, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agricultue and Livestock

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

The National Soil Services Center, Semtokha, Thimphu, Bhutan

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

Zhesar namleythang

URL:

https://www.facebook.com/people/Zhesar-namleythang/100063962648613/?paipv=0&eav=AfZtqSeoJRJKQqV2pCQNI-Il9HsLY_XP-7nuLPGmeGHxTe7zq2FNEBbJReJwVuGjErk&_rdr

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