1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

01/12/2006

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.5 请参阅有关SLM方法的问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

To add red (fertile, nutrient rich) valley soil to degraded white soil on slopes (in olive orchards)

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Red soil is taken from valley fields, mines and consruction work, transported to the slopes and added around the stem of each tree, ca. 2 m^3 per tree. Not done in the rainy season and only when there is soil available and spare time.

Purpose of the Technology: increase the soil depth and add nutrients in response to erosion and nutrient mining.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: every five to ten years depending on rainfall and slope.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

注释（项目类型等）:

Idleb (region around Harem), 70 km from Aleppo, West

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Water erosion on hill slopes, poor soil quality (vulnerable to erosion and lack of nutrients), exageratet tillage in olive orchards

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): loss of top soil due to water erosion, poor soil quality, difficult to do contour tillage because of steep slopes

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

Water supply: Also mixed rainfed - irrigated

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 土壤肥力综合管理

3.5 技术传播

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 0.04 m2.

Idleb no information available, probably 1.5 times more than Affrin

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Wg: gully erosion / gullying

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wm: mass movements / landslides, Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化
• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

注释:

Main goals: rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

Secondary goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: low

Technical knowledge required for land users: low

Main technical functions: increase in soil fertility, adding new soil

Secondary technical functions: sediment harvesting

Mulching
Material/ species: red soil
Remarks: depends on point of view, protection for "old"soil from the newly added soil

Mineral (inorganic) fertilizers
Material/ species: red soil
Quantity/ density: 2m^3/tree
Remarks: new soil mixed with the old one increases nutrient

Structural measure: add
Spacing between structures (m): 6 -10
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 2
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 3
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 3

Construction material (earth): red soil

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 0 - 25%

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

syrian pounds

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

50.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	digging soil	结构性的	dry season
2.	transport soil	结构性的	dry season
3.	distributing soil	结构性的

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	50.0	50.0	100.0
设备	Machine use	ha	1.0	50.0	50.0	100.0
施工材料	Earth	ha	1.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
其它	Transport	ha	1.0	100.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					300.0

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 12 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	digging soil	农业学的	dry season / once
2.	transport soil	农业学的	dry season / once
3.	distributing soil	农业学的	once

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

Machinery/ tools: trolley for transport, machine for digging

for one farmer

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

labour, distance, transport, probably in the future also value of soil

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility: Very low (ranked 1) and low (ranked 2)
Soil drainage/infiltration: Good
Soil water storage capacity: High

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 10-50 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 2% - 3%
25% of the land users are rich.
50% of the land users are average wealthy.
25% of the land users are poor.
Level of mechanization: Mechanised (ranked 1, tillage) and manual work (ranked 2, harvesting)
Market orientation of production system: export (seasonal)

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

其它生态影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is a strong trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: exponential adaption, probably related to the recent (from 2003/2005) increase for olive oil prices and increased construction work

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
fast increase in yield
reverse the effects of erosion

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
reverse the effects of erosion How can they be sustained / enhanced? combine with other conservation technologies (stone bands etc.)
soil that otherwise wouldn't be used can be used in this way How can they be sustained / enhanced? offer free transport of soil by government or other organisation
don't have to apply to the entire field, possibility to keep investment down

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
expensive for the entire field	not

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
it is not sustainable	combine with conservation strategies like terraces, bands, less tillage
soil born disease spreading	soil analysis before adding and if positive either apply quarantine and solarization or leave it

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Soil transfers in olive orchards of NS Syria, a bio-physical and socio-economic analysis of a local innovation. June 2007.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

ICD Bern