1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Tajik Soil Insitute (Tajik Soil Institute) - 塔吉克斯坦

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Tajik Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Tajik Academy of Agricultural Sciences) - 塔吉克斯坦

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

05/07/2010

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Cultivation of grain, potatoes and forage crops (esparzet) under the protection of windbreak live fence in the zone of risky agriculture (in the arid highlands traditional livestock zone of the Pamirs) above 3300m a.s.l

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Purpose of the Technology: Increase the possibility of subsistence grain, potatoes and fodder. Reduce the dependence of yield of sharp daily fluctuations of temperature, cold winds and frost

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

注释（项目类型等）:

sowing of cereals and potatoes in a frame of trees had started 18 years ago, and sowing esparzet on third part of their land began in 2008, seeing in the center of Jamoat Vankala esparzet that have been produced through MSDSP, swapped seeds and planted

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): low natural fertility of the stony shallow soils, short growing season, the zone of risky agriculture, farming is not possible without irrigation, despite the low temperatures

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): low temperatures at night in growing period , often leading to freezing of potato and grain maturation ..

Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Mixed: Mf: Agroforestry

如果由于技术的实施而导致土地用途发生变化，则在技术实施前说明土地利的用途。:

Grazing land: Ge: Extensive grazing land

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 充分灌溉

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 90Longest growing period from month to month: June-August

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农业林学
• 防风林/防护林带

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• < 0.1 平方千米（10 公顷）

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 0.015 m2.

farmer's land is composed of several disparate fields, rather than one large area

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: agronomic measures, vegetative measures, structural measures, management measures

Type of agronomic measures: better crop cover, cover cropping, manure / compost / residues, furrows (drainage, irrigation)

Type of vegetative measures: aligned: -against wind, aligned: -along boundary

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Bc: reduction of vegetation cover, Bq: quantity / biomass decline

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content, Ha: aridification

Main causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires) (lack of electricity and a long winter forced people to cut most of trees), over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use (food unsecurity), overgrazing (because of the inability to sent livestock to remote pastures in Murgab), change in temperature (frequent frosts in the vegetation season lead to the eradication (t° variability)), population pressure (Because of need for subsistence there is intense pressure on arable land), poverty / wealth (Basically, all people are poor)

Secondary causes of degradation: soil management (The need for subsistence from 92th forced people to do farming), droughts (High aridity, minimum precipitation. forced to irrigate), labour availability (work is only in 1-9 classes school and on little ambulatory.), inputs and infrastructure: (roads, markets, distribution of water points, other, …) (complete isolation in winter, bad roads, no access to the market), education, access to knowledge and support services (There is a school until 9 class), war and conflicts (after the crisis of the 90s and the civil war forced to subsistence)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

注释:

Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation, rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: improvement of ground cover, improvement of surface structure (crusting, sealing), increase in organic matter, increase in nutrient availability (supply, recycling,…), reduction in wind speed, increase of biomass (quantity)

Secondary technical functions: increase of surface roughness, improvement of topsoil structure (compaction), stabilisation of soil (eg by tree roots against land slides), increase / maintain water stored in soil, water harvesting / increase water supply, promotion of vegetation species and varieties (quality, eg palatable fodder), spatial arrangement and diversification of land use

Better crop cover
Material/ species: barley
Quantity/ density: 200kg/ha

Manure / compost / residues
Material/ species: manure
Quantity/ density: 4t/ha

Furrows (drainage, irrigation)
Material/ species: irrigation canals net
Quantity/ density: 200/ha

Aligned: -against wind
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 1
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 1

Aligned: -along boundary
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs

Waterway
Material: Earth

Trees/ shrubs species: T- sea buckthorn, in the begining - planted

Perennial crops species: C-esparzet on 1\3 of the field

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 5-8%

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Somoni

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

4.52

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Clean up the plot of the stones and shrubs	植物性的
2.	plowing	植物性的
3.	manuring	植物性的
4.	Sowing of barley, rye	植物性的
5.	Planting potatoes	植物性的
6.	preparing sea-buckthorn seedlings	植物性的	spring
7.	bringing and putting manure in the holes	植物性的	end of spring
8.	manure	植物性的
9.	planting seedlings along the irrigation canal	植物性的	planting seedlings along the irrigation canal
10.	irrigation of the seedlings	植物性的

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Cleaning up the plot	Persons/day	4.0	30.0	120.0	100.0
劳动力	Plowing	Persons/day	6.0	30.0	180.0	100.0
劳动力	Manuring	Persons/day	7.0	30.0	210.0	100.0
劳动力	Preparing sea-buckthorn	Persons/day	3.0	35.0	105.0	100.0
植物材料	Barley rye seeds	ha	1.0	430.0	430.0	100.0
植物材料	Potatoe seeds	ha	1.0	110.0	110.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Manure	kg	400.0	0.0625	25.0
其它	Labour: Bringing and putting manure in the holes	Persons/day	2.0	35.0	70.0	100.0
其它	Labour: Planting seedlings along the irrigation cana	Persons/day	4.0	35.0	140.0	100.0
其它	Labour: Irrigation of the seedlings	Persons/day	1.0	35.0	35.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					1425.0

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	irrigation of the crop fields	农业学的	during growing/
2.	irrigation of potatoes field	农业学的	during growing/
3.	weeding of potatoes field	农业学的	during growing/2-3time
4.	harvesting potatoes	农业学的	september/every year
5.	harvesting crops	农业学的	september/every year
6.	irrigation of bushes	植物性的
7.	pruning and cutting the brunches	植物性的
8.	mowing the natural grass	植物性的

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Weeding / harvesting of potatoes field	Persons/day	4.0	30.0	120.0	100.0
劳动力	Harvesting crops	Persons/day	6.0	30.0	180.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					300.0

注释:

Machinery/ tools: shovel, shears,axe

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zone: 3300m

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil drainage / infiltration is good

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users

Population density: < 10 persons/km2

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

土地使用权:

• 租赁

用水权:

• 自由进入（无组织）

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地风暴	好

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
缩短生长期	不好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 大于 50%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

1 housefold in an area of 1.5 ha

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%