1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

18/10/2005

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Stone faced soil bund is an embankemt constructed along the contour by the use of stone and soil as a construction material.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The technology is used in areas where there is no sufficient amount of stone and when the soil depth is shallow. It is established by digging soil and form the embankment. The stone is used at the downslope side for reinforcing the structure. Vegetation is planted on the upper part where there is soil. The purpose is to reduce runoff, decrease slope length, increase infiltration rate and then minimize soil erosion. The structure requires maintenance regularly. Since the stone walls are offten made of small stones, which are not stable. In order to properly stablize the structure livestock should not be allowed to graze on where the structure are placed. Checking for breaks after heavy storms and repair the breaks if any enhances the formation of bench terraces fast.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

from other regions, which started it first.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): overgrazing, land degradation, population pressure

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): low productivity, erosion

Semi-nomadism / pastoralism: free grazing

Grazingland comments: The size of livestock is decreasing because of shortage of land and poor fodder availablity.

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: legumes, teff, wheat, sorghum

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

Water supply: Also mixed rainfed-irrigated

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 180 Longest growing period from month to month: Jun - Dec

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 横坡措施

3.5 技术传播

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 12.51 m2.

hand tools and seedling transportation support is from GTZ and IFSP

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

Main causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires), overgrazing, other human induced causes (specify) (agricultural causes), labour availability (lack of labour), land subdivision

Secondary causes of degradation: over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use, other natural causes (avalanches, volcanic eruptions, mud flows, highly susceptible natural resources, extreme topography, etc.) specify, poverty / wealth (lack of captial), education, access to knowledge and support services (lack of knowledge), lack of enforcement of legislat./authority

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

注释:

Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation, rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Amhara

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap

Secondary technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, reduction of slope length

Agronomic measure: Planting on bunds
Material/ species: Grasses, sesbenia, vetiver

Manure / compost / residues
Material/ species: from cow dung & green materials

Contour tillage
Remarks: Traditional farm tools

Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs, G : grass
Number of plants per (ha): 4500
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 1
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.05
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.2
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.7

Trees/ shrubs species: sesbania treclucern

Grass species: vetiver, bana, grass green gold

Bund/ bank: level
Vertical interval between structures (m): 2
Spacing between structures (m): 20
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.3-0.4
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.6-1
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 110
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.5-0.6
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.6-1
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 110

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 15%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 5%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 0%

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

Other type of management: change of management / intensity level - area closuer on small size

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Birr

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

8.6

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	production of planting materials	植物性的	dry season
2.	transporting planting materials	植物性的	onset of rain
3.	planting	植物性的	rainy season
4.	stone collection	结构性的	dry
5.	digging foundation	结构性的	dry
6.	construction of the bund	结构性的	dry
7.	area clouser	管理	the whole year

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	183.0	183.0	100.0
劳动力	Harvest	ha	1.0	24.0	24.0	100.0
设备	Animal traction	ha	1.0	34.0	34.0	100.0
设备	Tools	ha	1.0	18.0	18.0
植物材料	Seeds	ha	1.0	11.0	11.0	100.0
植物材料	Seedlings	ha	1.0	3.0	3.0
技术建立所需总成本					273.0

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 12 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	recycling crop residue	农业学的	dry season / annual
2.	seed bad preparation	农业学的	dry season / annual
3.	ploughing	农业学的	dry season / annual
4.	manure/fertilizer	农业学的	beginning of rains / annual
5.	weeding	农业学的	end of rain / annual
6.	harvesting	农业学的	dry season / annual
7.	replanting	植物性的	rainy season /as required
8.	pruning/pollarding	植物性的	after rain /when there is enough biomass
9.	collecting of stone	结构性的	dry season/as required
10.	repair the broken part	结构性的	dry season/as required
11.	stone facet soil fund	管理	dry season (when needed) /

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	25.0	25.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					25.0

注释:

it is for stone faced soil bund construction

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

availability of stone, slope, soil depth

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zone: 1501-2000 m a.s.l. (mid altitudes, ranked 1) and 2,001-2,500 m a.s.l. (better rainfall, ranked 2)
Landforms: Footslopes (big and deep gullies exist, ranked 1) and hill slopes (small gullies, ranked 2)
Slopes on average: Rolling (medium soil depth, ranked 1), moderate (deep soil, ranked 2) and hilly (shallow soil, ranked 3)

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil depth on average: Shallow (gentle slopes, ranked 1) and very shallow (highly steep slopes, ranked 2)
Soil texture: Medium (rolling, ranked 1) and coarse/light (helly, ranked 2)
Soil fertility: Medium (ranked 1) and low (ranked 2)
Topsoil organic matter: Medium (ranked 1, flat terrain) and low (on all land, ranked 2)
Soil drainage/infiltration: Medium

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 100-200 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 2% - 3%
and own 11% of the land.
and own 72% of the land.
and own 27% of the land.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州
• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

注释:

75% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

4 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: estimates

75% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

4 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: moderate

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
decrease soil erosion How can they be sustained / enhanced? continous maintenance and limit livestock movment
increase soil depth
increase production

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
decrease slope length How can they be sustained / enhanced? continuous maintenance
increase infiltration

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
loss of land	increase the productivity per unit area of land
pest	use of pesticide