1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

02/06/2011

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

It is constructed along the contour to minimize soil erosion and prevent runoff damage from down stream fields.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The technology is widely used by farmers in the area and also widely practiced. The structure is built from stone and/or soil. On the average 1m vertical interval is used on a slope of 20-40%.

Purpose of the Technology: The technology is used to increase and maintain crop productivity by promoting activities which improve production and conserve soil and water.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The embankment is constructed from stone/soil and a ditch is dug at the upper side of the bund and bund stablization technique is used and frequent maintenance made.

Natural / human environment: The technology is suitable to areas with gentle to undulating slope and in cultivated areas with moderate soil depth.

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 作为传统系统的一部分（> 50 年）

注释（项目类型等）:

Originated locally-farmers developed it from years of experiences.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 结合其他技术保护流域/下游区域

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Population pressure, deforestation, land degradation

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

Water supply: Also mixed rainfed - irrigated

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 150 Longest growing period from month to month: Jul - Dec Second longest growing period in days: 105 Second longest growing period from month to month: Apr - Jun

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 横坡措施

3.5 技术传播

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 239.5 m2.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Ha: aridification

Main causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires) (clearing forests and bushes for agricultural purpose), over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use (no vegetation cover/complete denudation), other human induced causes (specify) (agricultural causes - continous farming with out apllying SWC), education, access to knowledge and support services (lack of soil management skill), governance / institutional

Secondary causes of degradation: overgrazing (high population/cattle pressure on the resources), poverty / wealth (lack of captial - unable to use improved technologies), land subdivision (small in size & fragmented), lack of enforcement of legislat./authority (legislation is not inplace)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化

注释:

Secondary goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation, rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Oromia

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: high

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap

Secondary technical functions: control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap, reduction of slope angle, reduction of slope length, increase of infiltration, increase / maintain water stored in soil, water harvesting / increase water supply

Better crop cover
Material/ species: farm implements
Remarks: plough along the contour

Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs, F : fruit trees / shrubs
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 1

Terrace: bench level
Vertical interval between structures (m): 1
Spacing between structures (m): 5-10
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.75
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 1

Construction material (earth): the excavated soil is used for making the embankment

Construction material (stone): used to construct stone/stone faced bunds

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 15%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 0%

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Birr

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

8.6

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Surveying	结构性的	dry season
2.	Collection of bund construction materilas	结构性的	dry season
3.	Excavation	结构性的	dry season
4.	Bund construction	结构性的	dry season

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	169.0	169.0
设备	Tools	ha	1.0	69.0	69.0	100.0
植物材料	Seeds	ha	1.0
技术建立所需总成本					238.0

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 36 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Contour plough	农业学的	dry season & on set of rains / 3-5 times
2.	Sowing	农业学的	during rains / each cropping season
3.	Weeding	农业学的	during rains / each cropping season
4.	Bund stablization	结构性的	dry season/annual
5.	Repair the breaks	结构性的	dry season/annual

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	82.8	82.8
技术维护所需总成本					82.8

注释:

The cost is culculated for the stone/soil bund and trench per hectare of land.

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labour is the most important factor affecting the cost.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Landforms: Hill slopes (ranked 1), plateau/plains (ranked 2) and foot slopes (ranked 3)
Slopes on average: Also rolling (ranked 2) and steep (ranked 3)

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility: Medium (ranked 1), low (ranked 2) and high (ranked 3)
Soil drainage/infiltration is medium
Soil water storage capacity is medium

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 100-200 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 3% - 4%
20% of the land users are average wealthy and own 35% of the land.
50% of the land users are poor and own 45% of the land.
30% of the land users are poor and own 20% of the land.
Off-farm income specification: Farmers who have implemented SWC technologies on their farms have got better crop yields compared to those who have not implement SWC technologies.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

1049

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 10-50%

注释:

70% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

734 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: survey results

30% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

315 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: survey results

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Reduce erosion and runoff How can they be sustained / enhanced? Regular maintenance

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Reduction of soil erosion How can they be sustained / enhanced? Regular maintenance
Increase infiltration rate