1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development of Kenya (MoA) - 肯尼亚

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

05/04/1999

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

management of runoff water on the road and its environment to reduce land degradation

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

It encompasses agronomic, vegetative, structural and management aspects to minimise land degradation within the road catchment and its environment using participatory methods. The purpose of the technology was to improve on the managent of water from the road so that it does not cause degradation. Establishment and maintenance of the technology was done by the local community bordering the roads.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

注释（项目类型等）:

SWC specialists and land users

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Declining soil fertility and soil erosion, land subdivision leading to small parcels of land

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Marketing/pricing of farm produce, high costs of inputs and lack of credit

Grazingland comments: stall feeding is the most common grazing system as there are no delienated portions for grazing , due to the small holdings

Type of grazing system comments: stall feeding is the most common grazing system as there are no delienated portions for grazing , due to the small holdings

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 120Longest growing period from month to month: Mar - MaySecond longest growing period in days: 90Second longest growing period from month to month: Oct - Dec

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 引水和排水

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• < 0.1 平方千米（10 公顷）

注释:

the area covered depend on the area of the road. In total the technology was duplicated in roads totalling about 33 kilometres

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: structural measures

Secondary measures: agronomic measures, vegetative measures, management measures

Type of agronomic measures: contour ridging

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Wo: offsite degradation effects

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

Main causes of degradation: other human induced causes (specify) (road surface & Agricultural causes), roads

Secondary causes of degradation: education, access to knowledge and support services (Lack of knowledge), Lack of enforcement of legislat./authority

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: impede / retard, control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap, control of concentrated runoff: impede / retard, control of concentrated runoff: drain / divert

Secondary technical functions: reduction of slope length, increase in organic matter, increase of infiltration

Grass species: napier grass

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 0.00%

Construction material (stone): for scour checks in the waterway

Construction material (wood): small posts for scour checks

Construction material (other): grass, brush wood, live vegetative material

Lateral gradient along the structure: 8%

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

Change of land use type: exclusion of land under waterway

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Kenyan Shilling

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

33.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	planting napier grass cuttings	植物性的	after first rains
2.	establish scour checks	结构性的	on set of rains
3.	excavation	结构性的	dry spell
4.	planting grass for stabilisation	结构性的	on set of rains

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 24 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	contour ridging	农业学的	dry season / beginning of season
2.	weeding	植物性的	dry spell /once per season
3.	desilting channel	结构性的	dry season/each cropping season
4.	gapping the grass	结构性的	wet season/each cropping season
5.	slashing grass in channel	结构性的	wet season/each cropping season

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

For the length of the waterway in metres. The length of the structure was kept constant

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

The general ground slope determines the cost of the structures and the distance of the safe discharge point from the road

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Landforms: Also valley floors

Slopes on average: Also moderate

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is medium-high

Soil drainage / infiltration is good

Soil water storage capacity is medium-high

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 200-500 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 3% - 4%

5% of the land users are rich and own 10% of the land.
50% of the land users are average wealthy and own 70% of the land.
25% of the land users are poor and own 15% of the land.
20% of the land users are poor and own 5% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: mainly from employment in the nearby urban areas

Level of mechanization: With hand tools

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

6.1 该技术的现场影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 大于 50%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

210 households in an area of 10 ha

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

20% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

200 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: estimates

5% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

10 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is no trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: technology adoption not spontaneous because of dependency on material support from donor

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

farm management handbook of Kenya. 1983.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

SWC branch, MoA, Nairobi

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

minor roads soil conservation project. Final report. 1992.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Ministry of Public Works. Nairobi.