1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

15/08/2001

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Incorporation of corn stalks during land preparation for the succeeding crop.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The technology is practiced in corn farm. It involves the incorporation of stalks and leaves, usually chopped, during the land preparation for the suceeding crop. Corn ears are harvested manually. After harvesting, the stalks are cut and spread on the farm. This provides surface protection to the soil during the turn-around period when erosive rainfall events can occur. After a 2-3 weeks turn-around period, land preparation for the succeeding crop starts. Land preparation can either be by machine or animal. The crop residues are incorporated during plowing which is done twice. The technology is intended to increase organic matter and other nutrients through recycling, improve soil structure and porosity and increase soil water holding capacity. The more common practice done in the past in disposing crop residue is by burning. Residue incorporation has added benefits in that it lessens the emission of gases, particularly carbon dioxide which contributes to global warming.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Traditionally practiced by the farmers themselves.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Soil acidification, soil mining and fertility decline. Increasing soil erosion problem due to the culitvation of land with steep slope.
Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Increasing inputs to maintain yield.

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 250, Longest growing period from month to month: Apr - Nov; Second longest growing period in days: 220, Second longest growing period from month to month: May - Oct

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 改良的地面/植被覆盖

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• 10-100 平方千米

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 10 m2.
The technology is also being practiced in other provinces in Mindanao, although not as popular as in Bukidnon which is the subject of this report

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Type of agronomic measures: mulching, manure / compost / residues, minimum tillage, contour tillage

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate
Technical knowledge required for land users: low
Main technical functions: increase in soil fertility
Secondary technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: impede / retard, increase in organic matter

Mulching
Material/ species: corn stalks
Quantity/ density: 4000-5000
Remarks: spread evenly

Manure / compost / residues
Material/ species: corn stalks
Quantity/ density: 4000-5000
Remarks: spread evenly

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Peso

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

50.0

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
设备	animal traction	ha	1.0	27.8	27.8	100.0
植物材料	seeds	ha	1.0	13.3	13.3	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	fertilizer	ha	1.0	75.0	75.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	biocides	ha	1.0	74.0	74.0	100.0
其它	planting (hours)	ha	1.0	20.75	20.75	100.0
其它	harvesting (hours)	ha	1.0	30.0	30.0	100.0
其它	maintenance (hours)	ha	1.0	41.5	41.5	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					282.35

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Cutting/chopping of corn stalks	农业学的	after harvest / once
2.	Plowing/incorporation of crop residue	农业学的	before planting / 2-3 times
3.	Planting	农业学的	/ 2-3 times/yr

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

The cost is calculated starting from residue incorporation (plowing), crop establishment, maintenance (spraying, weeding) and harvesting.

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labor and material inputs (seeds, fertilizers, chemicals) are the main costs involve

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 10-50 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 2% - 3%
10% of the land users are very rich and own 25% of the land.
20% of the land users are rich and own 10% of the land.
55% of the land users are average wealthy and own 50% of the land.
10% of the land users are poor and own 5% of the land.
5% of the land users are poor.
Off-farm income specification: Carpentry, trading, temporary employment (e.g. construction

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州
• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 租赁
• 个人

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

其它生态影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

注释:

90% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support
900 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support
There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology. Due to the escalating cost of commercial inorganic fertilizer, farmers are now inclined to used other alternatives/sources of soil nutrients

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Increase soil fertility
Less labor cost during land preparation (no need to haul residue)

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Low cost method of improving soil physical/chemical properties
Increased soil infiltration capacity How can they be sustained / enhanced? Sustained information education campaign (IEC)
Prevent smoke emission which contributes to global warming
Reduced soil erosion

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Difficult to incorporate (residues) using animal drawn plow	Mechanization/chopping of stalks into shorter pieces

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Nutrient immobilization during the process of decomposition	Incorporate residue at least one month before the suceeding crop

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Mindanao Upland Stabilization and Utilization Through Proper Agroforestry Networking (MUSUAN) Program

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Central Mindanao University, Musuan, Bukidnon, Philippines

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Sloping Agricultural Technology (SALT)

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Central Mindanao University, Musuan, Bukidnon, Philippines