1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Bukoba district council (Bukoba district council) - 坦桑尼亚联合共和国

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Missenyi District Council (Missenyi District Council) - 坦桑尼亚联合共和国

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

17/06/2014

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Is the digging of a farrow measured 0.6 width by 0.6 depth along the contour line and embankment of the excavated soils on the upper side at the slope <2% and upper side at the slope >5% in the banana, beans inter croped fields.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Contour bund combined with Sessbania sesseban, beans and manure technology in banana production is the digging and excavation of a 60cm wide by 60co deep furrow, plated Sessbania sessban along the contour bund, application of farm yard manures in a 30cm deep by 60 cm wide furrow at 30cm from the banana stool and plating beans in the space between bunds. The technology is applied on Perennial (non-woody) cropping system, supported with rain fed to prevent and mitigate land degradations. The production mode is mixed (subsistence and commercial. The technology impact should be observed on controlled soil erosion by water, reduced declining soil fertility, and increased water infiltration. To implement this technology, a total of US$ 100.41 establishment costs per hectare and US% 1,076.47 maintenance costs per hectare per year according to the introduction of the technology in 2012 By TAMP –Kagera. Small ruminants rearing are the supportive measures of the technology.

Purpose of the Technology: The major purpose of the technology is land degradation prevented in 50 ha, crop and livestock production increased by 10% to contribute on food security and livelihood improvement with a SLM. Technically the technology should control of raindrop splash, control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, reduction of slope length, stabilisation of soil (eg by tree roots against land slides), increase in organic matter, increase in nutrient availability (supply, recycling) and increase of water infiltration.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The establishment activities includes:- First, identification and demarcation of contour line done manually using simple tool (A-frame); this is done in May. Second is the digging of a 0.6m width and 0.6m depth furrow, excavation the soils and place them on the upper side (at the smaller slope) and lower side (at the bigger slope) along the contour using chisel hand hoes, fork hand hoes spades and mattock; this is done in June. Third is to drill two rows of Sessbania sesban seeds, spaced 0.3 m between the rows; this is done in late September. Fourth is the thinning of Sessbania sesban seedlings at the average space of 15cm done manually; this is done when the seedling is at the height of. The maintenance activities include; First is to weed the whole field done manually using local made tools (kahosho); this is done twice in January to February and June to August. Second is to apply farm yard manures in the furrow of 0.3 m deep by 0.6m wide cultivated 0.60 m from the banana stool and facing the granddaughter sucker; this is done early July. Third is desuckering and detrushing of banana stools using local made tools (kihosho and rwabyo) and machete; this is done twice (February and September).Fourth is to plant beans done manually using local made tool (kahosho; this is done in March and September. Fifth is the harvesting of beans and hauling done manually; this is done twice (June and early February). Sixth is cleaning of the furrow done manually using spades; this is done twice at the end of rain seasons (January and December). Finally, harvesting of banana and Sessbania sessban is done according to the market demand.

Natural / human environment: The physical environment is characterized of sub humid climatic zone, 750-1000 mm rain falls, 1000-1500 m.a.s.l, hill slopes land form with gentle slope. The soil texture is medium (loam), Soil fertility is medium, topsoil organic matter is medium (1-3%) and soil drainage/infiltration is medium. The soil water storage capacity is medium, ground water table is 5 - 50 m, availability of surface water is medium and water quality is poor drinking water. This technology is tolerant of seasonal rainfall decrease, droughts / dry spells while sensitive to heavy rainfall events (intensities and amount). The land users applying the technology are individual / household, Small scale land users, common / average land users. The Land ownership is communal / village, individual, not titled . The Land use rights is communal (organised), and/or individual. The water use rights is open access (unorganised). The relative level of wealth is categorized as rich, which represents 4% of the land users and own 34% of the total area. The average category, which represents 64% of the land users own 64% of the total area. The poor category, which represents 32% of the
land users owns 2% of the total area.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

The technology introduce by TAMP -Kagera using FFS in 2012.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): The majoe land use problems related to soil, water and vegetation in the area were soil erosion, low water soil infiltration and declining soil nutrients.
Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Moisture stress and low productivity.

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 120, Longest growing period from month to month: September to December Second longest growing period in days: 90 Second longest growing period from month to month: March to May

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农业林学
• 土壤肥力综合管理

3.5 技术传播

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 0.002 m2.
The technology applied in a 0.5 acre as FFS site in the host farmer land one year past. However, the period is too short for adoption process to take place.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Type of agronomic measures: temporary trashlines, legume inter-planting, manure / compost / residues
Type of vegetative measures: aligned: -contour

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main causes of degradation: soil management (Cultivation along the slope), crop management (annual, perennial, tree/shrub) (continous harvesting perennial crops without fertilizing the soil.), change of seasonal rainfall (seasonal rainfall is unpredictable now days.), droughts (The area experienced a drought period averaged 155 days.), population pressure (Increased population resulted presure on land, while the responce is cultivation in marginal lands.), poverty / wealth (Poor farmers can not afford to invest in land conservation due to its nature of longterm investment.), education, access to knowledge and support services (Most of farmers received primary education where land concervation is not taught. Further more there is inadequate staffing of Agriculture advisors.)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: low (The technology principles are taught at colleges. Hence retraining should complement this knowledge to accomplish implementation.)
Technical knowledge required for land users: low (The technology is easy to apply, only sensitization can complement the awareness to implement the technology.)

Main technical functions: control of raindrop splash, control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, reduction of slope length, stabilisation of soil (eg by tree roots against land slides), increase in organic matter, increase in nutrient availability (supply, recycling,…), increase of infiltration

Temporary trashlines
Material/ species: Farm product residue, banana dry leaves and pseudostems.
Remarks: Spread across the slope at 5cm depth.

Legume inter-planting
Remarks: dibling scatered in the space between the bunds,

Manure / compost / residues
Material/ species: cow dunng
Remarks: mixed in the furrow measured 30cm depth, 60cm toward the grand daughter banana plant.

Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: O : other
Number of plants per (ha): 1667
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.15
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.3

Other species: Sessebania sesseban

Bund/ bank: level
Spacing between structures (m): 6
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.6
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.6
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 35
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.6
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.6
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 35

Construction material (earth): soils
Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 3%
Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Tshs

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

1700.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	To plant sessebania seeds by drilling along the contour bunds,	植物性的	March
2.	To thin extra seedling and allow a 30cm between plants by 30cm between rows.	植物性的	irregular
3.	To demarcate the contour line	结构性的	August
4.	To dig and excavate soils to make bunds	结构性的
5.	Purchase tools	管理

注释:

Lifespan of tools: 5 years

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	plant sessebania seeds by drilling along the contour bunds	Mandays	1.0	1.76	1.76	100.0
劳动力	thin extra seedling and allow a 30cm between plants by 30cm between rows	Mandays	1.0	1.76	1.76	100.0
劳动力	demarcate the contour line	Mandays	1.0	1.76	1.76	100.0
劳动力	dig and excavate soils to make bunds	Mandays	1.0	1.76	1.76	100.0
设备	Tools	pieces	4.0	2.91	11.64	100.0
植物材料	Seeds	kg	0.9	0.588888	0.53
技术建立所需总成本					19.21

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 15 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	To Weeding the entire field prior nonseasonal.	农业学的	June to september & february
2.	To apply manure in a 60 x60 farrow along the daughter plant	农业学的	october
3.	desuckering and detrushing banana plants	农业学的	September & February
4.	To plant (dibbling) beans in the space between bunds.	农业学的	October and March
5.	To harvest seeds	植物性的
6.	To prune branches for goat feeds	植物性的	irregular
7.	To remove soil sediments in the farrow	结构性的	june and february

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Weeding the entire field prior nonseasonal.	Mandays	6.0	1.76	10.56	100.0
劳动力	apply manure in a 60 x60 farrow along the daughter plant	Mandays	10.0	1.76	17.6	100.0
劳动力	desuckering and detrushing banana plants	Mandays	3.0	1.76	5.28	100.0
劳动力	lant (dibbling) beans in the space between bunds	Mandays	3.0	1.76	5.28	100.0
植物材料	Seeds	kg	30.0	0.706	21.18	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Compost/manure	tons	1.5	29.413333	44.12
其它	Labour: harvest seeds	mandays	5.0	1.76	8.8	100.0
其它	Labour: prune branches for goat feeds	mandays	5.0	1.76	8.8	100.0
其它	Labour: remove soil sediments in the farrow	mandays	3.0	1.76	5.28	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					126.9

注释:

The costs were calculated on plant population (banana 1111) per hector as well as length of the bund (sebania spps 6762)

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

The most determinate factor is labour (US$ 308.25/799.92).

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility: Medium and low
Soil drainage/infiltration: Medium
Soil water storage capacity: Medium

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Availability of surface water: Medium (In dry season all ponds dry of while in rain season some ponds overflows)
Water quality: Poor drinking water (treatement required, surface water during rainy season and ground (spring water) during dry season)

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

Earthworms, ants, grasshoppers etc.

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 10-50 persons/km2
Annual population growth: < 0.5%
Relative level of wealth: rich, average, poor

4% of the land users are rich and own 34% of the land.
64% of the land users are average wealthy and own 64% of the land.
32% of the land users are poor and own 2% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: The off-farm income is less than 10% for land users who applied the technology because the opportunity cost of implementing the technology is absconded from off-farm activites.
Market orientation: Mixed (banana, beans and maize are for subsistence and commercial while coffee if for commecial purely)
Level of mechanization: Manual work (using handoes and forkhoess)

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 社区/村庄
• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）
• 个人

用水权:

• 自由进入（无组织）

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	不好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	好

注释:

The technology is tolerant of seasonal rainfall decrease, droughts / dry spells while sensitive to heavy rainfall events (intensities and amount). In case of sensitivity spillways on bands is considered to be the best modification.

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

The short term returns (annual farm income) is slightly negative compared with establishment costs while the long term returns anticipated being very positive in the long term returns ( cumulative farm income) due to reduced establishment costs.
The short term return is slightly positive compared with maintenance costs while the long-term return is anticipated to be very positive due increased land productivity.

6.5 技术采用

• 1-10%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

9% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support
13 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support
Comments on acceptance with external material support: 3 participants as host farmer provided with farm inputs during FFS.

13 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support
Comments on spontaneous adoption: No body has adopted, because the technology has been introduce in late 2012.

There is no trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology
Comments on adoption trend: The technology implementation is still young to be adopted.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Appropriate technology in the sense of intensive labour application.
Supportive measures very diversity.
Low establishment costs, only structure measures.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Trushlines on can not reduce the moisture strees completely in the drought area as such.

7.1 信息的方法/来源