1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg - 德国

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Georg August Universität Göttingen (Georg August Universität Göttingen) - 德国

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

20/07/2015

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Seed of maize and soy are planted directly into the soil with a minimum previous tillage impact.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

After harvesting stubbles of maize or soy remain on site. When the planting season started the soil is opened by rolling discs pulled by a tractor. The seeds are directly put into the open soil which is compacted afterwards with rolling wheels of the same machine.

Purpose of the Technology: With minimum tillage practices tilling and seeding operations could be implemented fast and very efficient. The high power of impact allows the cultivation of large fields in short time, especially if small windows of wet initial conditions need to be used. The purpose is to avoid deep plowing of the soils that would need much higher energy and costs and would lead to typical serious erosion problems in the tropics.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The technology was implemented in the area since approximately 15 years. High technological standard of tillage tools, tractors and service is needed. Since the whole farm system has changed, farmer need special knowledge in no-till measures especially with regard to pest management.

Natural / human environment: The region belongs to the semi-humid tropics and to the cerrado biome in the centre of the South American continent. Natural vegetation has been deforested some 20-40 year ago and was shifted to soy bean fields, pastures, corn and sugar cane fields.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): biodiversity loss, water pollution, soil erosion

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): unpredictable weather, unpredictable world market prices, climate change

Forest products and services: timber, fuelwood, nature conservation / protection

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: Sometimes Pearl millet is planted as an inter-crop.

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

注释:

Water supply: rainfed

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 150 Longest growing period from month to month: September-January Second longest growing period in days: 100 Second longest growing period from month to month: January-July

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 最小的土壤扰动

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• > 10,000 平方千米

注释:

The area in which the SLM technology is applied is much bigger and can be found also in other states of Brazil that is located in the cerrado biome.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: agronomic measures, structural measures, management measures

Type of agronomic measures: better crop cover, mixed cropping / intercropping, cover cropping, legume inter-planting, manure / compost / residues, mineral (inorganic) fertilizers, zero tillage / no-till, minimum tillage

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Main causes of degradation: soil management, deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires), Heavy / extreme rainfall (intensity/amounts), droughts

Secondary causes of degradation: crop management (annual, perennial, tree/shrub), change of seasonal rainfall, wind storms / dust storms, floods

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

注释:

Main goals: prevention of land degradation

Secondary goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation,
Third goal: rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: high

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, control of dispersed runoff: impede / retard, control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap, control of concentrated runoff: impede / retard, improvement of ground cover, increase in nutrient availability (supply, recycling,…), increase / maintain water stored in soil

Secondary technical functions: control of raindrop splash, reduction of slope angle, reduction of slope length, increase of surface roughness, improvement of surface structure (crusting, sealing), improvement of topsoil structure (compaction), improvement of subsoil structure (hardpan), increase in organic matter, increase of infiltration, increase of groundwater level / recharge of groundwater, water harvesting / increase water supply, water spreading, increase of biomass (quantity)

Better crop cover
Material/ species: stubbles

Mixed cropping / intercropping
Material/ species: safrinha

Cover cropping
Material/ species: stubbles

Terrace: backward sloping
Vertical interval between structures (m): 2
Spacing between structures (m): 50

Bund/ bank: level
Vertical interval between structures (m): 0.5
Spacing between structures (m): 50

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Real Brasileiro

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

3.06

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Bulldozing	结构性的	dry season

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Bulldozing	ha	1.0	3000.0	3000.0
技术建立所需总成本					3000.0

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	reparation	农业学的	yearly

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Costs are determined by the enormous field size and the soil type

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zone: 501-1000 m a.s.l. (630 m)

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility: Low
Soil drainage/infiltration: Good
Soil water storage capacity: Very low

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly Leaders / privileged

Population density: < 10 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 3% - 4%

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 公司

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 个人

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	不好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	不好
局地风暴	未知

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	不好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	不好

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
缩短生长期	不好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

注释:

90% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
The no-tillage technology reduced soil erosion by water and helps to minimize carbon release into the atmosphere. It reduces management costs in the long run.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
No tillage is a high-input technology that needs some expensive investments in the beginning.