1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

ICIMOD International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) - 尼泊尔

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, Research, and Development (LI-BIRD) - 尼泊尔

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

01/07/2011

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.5 请参阅有关SLM方法的问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

No-till is a farming system in which the seeds are planted directly into untilled soil which still contains the previous crop residues. No-till cultivation of garlic is practiced in the tropical lowland districts of western Nepal where garlic is sown directly into the soil after the paddy is harvested.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

No-till* methods minimize soil disturbance and allow crop residues or stubble to remain on the ground instead of being removed or dug into the soil. As practised in the western Terai of Nepal, the seedbed is prepared by leaving a 3–5 cm thick layer of rice paddy crop residue on the soil surface after the paddy harvest. Garlic seed is planted directly into the soil soon after the paddy is harvested at a spacing of approximately 15 cm and the entire field is then covered with a 10 cm (or more) layer of hay. The seeds germinate with the help of the ambient moisture. The frequency and timing of irrigation depends on need, but since there has been no tillage and the ground is covered with mulch, much of the ambient moisture is retained in the soil. The mature garlic is harvested in February–March. This technology is gaining in popularity because farmers can directly see the economic benefit of not having to till the soil.

Purpose of the Technology: No-till methods are important from the standpoint of environmental farming for a number of reasons. The fact that the soil is not tilled after the paddy is harvested and remains covered with crop residues leads to efficient erosion control (up to 90%) and increased biological activity in and on the soil. The technology helps to conserve moisture in the soil, to improve the infiltration of water (up to 60%), and to reduce soil compaction, and overall, it requires less energy for cultivation (Derpsch et al. 2010). Increasing soil organic matter also helps to sequester carbon and contributes to reducing agricultural greenhouse gas emissions; ultimately, it supports increased production and resilience to climate change. In addition to keeping carbon in the soil, in a recent study, no-till farming was found to reduce nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions by 40–70%, depending on the rotation.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: * No-till in this context means the soil is not tilled after the paddy is harvested and before the garlic seeds are planted. After the garlic is harvested, the soil is tilled before the next crop is planted. No-till is a form of conservation tillage, which refers to methods that leave at least 30% of crop residues in place.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Cropland: Ca: Annual cropping

如果由于技术的实施而导致土地用途发生变化，则在技术实施前说明土地利的用途。:

Cropland: Ca: Annual cropping

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

每年的生长季节数:

• 3

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 240; Longest growing period from month to month: March - October; Second longest growing period in days: 100; Second longest growing period from month to month: November-January

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 最小的土壤扰动

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• 1-10 平方千米

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: agronomic measures

Specification of other agronomic measures: no-till

Type of agronomic measures: zero tillage / no-till

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Main causes of degradation: soil management (poor soil management), change in temperature, change of seasonal rainfall

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

No-till garlic cultivation in fields where paddy has just been harvested.

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: high

Main technical functions: increase in organic matter, increase in nutrient availability (supply, recycling,…)

Secondary technical functions: increase of infiltration, increase / maintain water stored in soil

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

• 美元

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	maintenance and recurrent activities are minimal. The seedling need to be watered, fertilized and weeded	农业学的	October-March

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Maintenance	Persons/ha	6.0	4.23333333	25.4	100.0
植物材料	Seeds	kg/ha	10.0	0.7	7.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Fertilizer	kg/ha	1.0	0.7	0.7	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Compost / manure	kg/ha	200.0	0.014	2.8	100.0
其它	Mulch	kg/ha	60.0	0.23333333	14.0	100.0
其它	Irrigation	ha	1.0	1.4	1.4	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					51.3

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is high

Soil drainage / infiltration is medium

Soil water storage capacity is high

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Water quality (untreated): ALso for agricultural use only (irrigation)

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users

Population density: > 500 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 2% - 3%

80% of the land users are average wealthy.
5% of the land users are poor.

Level of mechanization: Also mechanized

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

其它社会经济效应

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

减少气候和灾害风险

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	不好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	不好
局地风暴	不好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	不好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	不好

注释:

can be made adaptive to the changing context by using improved varieties of seed which are resistant (tolerant) to environmental stresses like drought, increase in temperature or heavy precipitation

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: This technology is widely adopted and practiced by a large percentage of household. All the household who practice this technology do so at their own cost.

There is a strong trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: This technology has become popular among neighboring communities and districts.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Decreased soil erosion, diversification of income source and livelihood options; reduced expenses on agricultural input How can they be sustained / enhanced? Water needs to be available for irrigation and market linkages are needed to be able to fully profit from this cash crop
Soil conservation, improves water infiltration, increase organic matter in the soil; save effort and time How can they be sustained / enhanced? more awareness of the conservation value of no-till methods
Carbon sequestration reduced agricultural greenhouse gas emission and climate change adaptation How can they be sustained / enhanced? improved varieties of garlic that have stress resistance characteristics would help adaptation to climate change and would enhance environmental benefit

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Current status of adoption of no-till farming in the world and some of its main benefits,Derpsch,R;Friedrich,T;Hongwen,L;, 2010

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

www.fao.org/ag/ca/CA-Publications/China_IJABE.pdf