1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Bureau of Soils and Water Management (Bureau of Soils and Water Management) - 菲律宾

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

The Master's Garden - 菲律宾

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

15/09/2013

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Organic mulching is a practice of applying thin layer of organic materials on the soil surface that decompose over time for the purpose of conserving soil moisture, reducing soil erosion, improving soil fertility, and reducing weed growth.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

It is a farm residue management technique of utilizing organic materials, such as locally available grasses and weeds, into useful purposes. These grasses and weeds are cut or chop into smaller sizes then applied and spread in layers over the ground or soil surface. It will then be served as cover to the soil.

Purpose of the Technology: The purposes of this technology are the following: to conserve soil moisture; to reduce soil erosion; to improve soil fertility; and to reduce weed growth.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: In practicing this type of mulching, these are the following steps and activities: (1) Hauling of grass and weeds available in the farm; (2) Shredding of grass and weeds using the shredder; (3) Spraying of Indigenous microorganism (IMO) solution to the shredded grass and weeds; and (4) Spreading of the shredded materials (about 1 inch thick) in the vegetable beds after transplanting the crops.

Natural / human environment: Master’s Garden of Mr. Ambrocio Acosta is located at Barangay Puguis, La Trinidad, Benguet. The province is Type I climate under the Coronas system of classification with distinct wet and dry seasons with an average annual rainfall of 3,879 mm. The dry season is from November to April while the wet season is from May to October. The farm has an elevation of 1,342 meters above sea level with less than 40% slope. The farm was manually terraced with UV treated plastic shed. The production system is manually managed and cultivated by Mr. Acosta and his two farm laborers.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新
• 在实验/研究期间

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): soil fertility, soil erosion

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): vulnerable to soil erosion, soil fertility

Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Cropland: Ca: Annual cropping

如果由于技术的实施而导致土地用途发生变化，则在技术实施前说明土地利的用途。:

Grazing land: Ge: Extensive grazing land

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 充分灌溉

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 改良的地面/植被覆盖

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• < 0.1 平方千米（10 公顷）

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: agronomic measures

Type of agronomic measures: mulching

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Ha: aridification

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Bc: reduction of vegetation cover, Bl: loss of soil life

Main causes of degradation: other natural causes (avalanches, volcanic eruptions, mud flows, highly susceptible natural resources, extreme topography, etc.) specify (extreme topography)

Secondary causes of degradation: Heavy / extreme rainfall (intensity/amounts)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

注释:

Main goals: prevention of land degradation

Secondary goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Vegetables covered with shredded weeds and grasses.

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: low

Technical knowledge required for land users: low

Main technical functions: control of raindrop splash, improvement of ground cover, increase in organic matter, increase / maintain water stored in soil

Secondary technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, improvement of topsoil structure (compaction), increase in nutrient availability (supply, recycling,…)

Mulching
Material/ species: Grass and weeds available in the farm (Ageratum houstonianum, Dentella repens, Setaria palmifolia, I
Quantity/ density: 875kg
Remarks: shredded and applied on the soil surface

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Philippine pesos

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

45.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Buying a shredder	农业学的
2.	buying a sprayer	农业学的

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
设备	Shredder	ha	1.0	2222.22	2222.22	100.0
设备	Sprayer	ha	1.0	22.22	22.22	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					2244.44

注释:

Lifespan of the shredder is more than 15 years

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Hauling of grasses and weeds available in the farm	农业学的
2.	Shredding of grasses and weeds	农业学的
3.	Spraying of IMO to the shredded grasses and weeds	农业学的
4.	Spreading of shredded grasses and weeds to the soil surface	农业学的

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	61.12	61.12	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					61.12

注释:

Machinery/ tools: shredder

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

purchase of shredding machine

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Slopes on average: Steep (31-60&) (Average slope is 40%)

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is medium
Soil drainage/infiltration is medium
Soil water storage is low

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users
Population density: 10-50 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 3% - 4%
100% of the land users are average wealthy and own 100% of the land.
Level of mechanization: Vegetables and herbs were planted at beds which were cultivated manually.
Market orientation: mixed (subsistence and commercial) (Harvested vegetables and herbs were for the subsistence of his family and were sold commercially at leading groceries and supermarket through a private marketing corporation known as KIAS Organic Gree)

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	好
局地风暴	不好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	好

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
缩短生长期	好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

1 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: Voluntary adoption of the technology was been observed since the land owner, Mr. Ambrosio Acosta, was a member and a previous officer of a small group of organic farmers, the La Trinidad Organic Producers (Latop) and was also an accredited resource speaker /trainer for Organic Agriculture-related events/forum.

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Organic mulch conserves soil moisture therefore reduces the need for frequent irrigation.
Prevent soil erosion by protecting the soil surface.
Organic mulch contributes nutrients and organic matter to the soil when decomposed.
Organic mulch encourages earthworm activity and other beneficial soil microorganisms.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Organic mulching lessens the frequency of irrigation, weed control and fertilizer application; It hereby eliminates the use of chemical herbicide and fertilizer. Moreover, it prevents surface runoff by providing soil cover and also reduces soil water evaporation by modifying or keeping the soil temperature constant. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Increase awareness towards organic farming.
Increase the ability of the land users to become resourceful. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Possible incorporation of other organic materials.
Turning farm residue or waste into useful material. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Impose proper waste segregation to ease the collection and hauling residue/waste to be used.
Simplicity of the procedure. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Keep the procedure simple or if there are some modification, it should be practical and can be easily adopted by the land users.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
High cost of investment for the shredding machine.	Look for an alternative method of shredding or reducing the size of raw materials to be used such as manual chopping when farm operation is small scale.Otherwise, invest on shredder when farm operation is at large.