1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF) - 肯尼亚

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Jomo Kenyatta University (Jomo Kenyatta University) - 肯尼亚

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

KARI Headquarters (KARI Headquarters) - 肯尼亚

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

18/09/2012

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

These are raised beds measuring one meter in width and 15 cm high used for planting onions after transplanting.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Raised beds are popular among gardeners with limited space or poor naturally occurring soils. Remember that onions are shallow-rooted, but the majority of the roots are intensely located within 8" of the plant. If you were to plant the lines of the bed closer than 8" it would double the competition for nutrients within that area.

Purpose of the Technology: The main purpose of constructing the raised beds for onions is to ease operation as. e.g watering and weeding. To conserve moisture through reduced water losses. To increase yield through increased planting space. Keeps roots away from contaminated soil. Raised beds for onions are good for disabled or elderly gardeners. The beds are neat, they leads to improved soil structure. It also keeps roots from getting waterlogged in a wet climate.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The land is fist cultivated the soil clod are broken to attain fine tilth. Mulching is done where the beds width is 1m and path of 1ft is done. soil from the foot paths is scooped and placed on the 1m portion to develop raised beds.

Natural / human environment: In Embu county, most of the farmers construct a bed of 1m wide 4” high and a length equal to the land portion on this raised bed, onions are then planted in rows along the assumed contour.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新
• 通过项目/外部干预

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): soil erosion, poor water infiltration and aeration
Major land use problems (land users’ perception): water logging leading to rotting of onion roots

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 60, Second longest growing period in days: 60

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 家庭花园

• Raised beds for improved production

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• 0.1-1 平方千米

注释:

Found at this farmers farm, but from extension officer and this farmer ,other farmers are trying to adopt the technology and others are trying to compare it with the traditional farming system.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Type of vegetative measures: aligned: -linear

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main causes of degradation: soil management, poverty / wealth
Secondary causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires), Heavy / extreme rainfall (intensity/amounts), labour availability

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

The technical drawing on the left hand side shows onions planted on raised beds. The beds measure 1 meter in width and the beds are raised 15 CM from the normal surface. there is a foot path in between the beds which doubles as a drainage channel to drain off excess water. It allows planting, weeding and harvesting easy without stepping on the beds.

Location: Embu North District. Eastern province

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate
Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap, control of concentrated runoff: drain / divert, reduction of slope angle, increase of infiltration, reduction in wind speed
Secondary technical functions: water harvesting / increase water supply, increase of biomass (quantity)

Agronomic measure: raised beds
Aligned: -linear
Vegetative material: C : perennial crops

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Purchase of the seeds	农业学的	Before planting season
2.	Ploughing	植物性的	Before planting season
3.	Making of raised beds	植物性的
4.	Planting of seedlings	植物性的

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Ploughing	person days	1.0	4.7	4.7	100.0
劳动力	Making of raised beds	person days	1.0	4.7	4.7	100.0
劳动力	Planting of seedlings	person days	1.0	4.7	4.7	100.0
设备	Animal traction	person days	1.0	5.88	5.88	100.0
设备	Tools		1.0	10.6	10.6	100.0
植物材料	Onion seeds	kg	2.0	2.5	5.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Fertilizer		1.0	35.3	35.3	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					70.88

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Weeding	农业学的	After planting

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Weeding	Person days	1.0	4.7	4.7	100.0
设备	Tools for weeding		1.0	5.3	5.3	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Compost/manure		1.0	3.5	3.5	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					13.5

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labour is the most determinate factor affecting the costs.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility: High
Soil drainage/infiltration: Good
Soil water storage capacity: Medium

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users
Population density: 10-50 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 0.5% - 1%

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 个人

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

注释:

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Reduce flooding on the fields
Increases crop productivity hence more yields
Reduces crop prone diseases to onions

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Its a beat tedious because of raising the soils to form beds	Care should be taken to construct standard beds that can with proper drainage channels to safely evacuate run-off water
During heavy storms, they may collapse
May prevent movement of machinery in the farm

7.1 信息的方法/来源