1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

12/12/2003

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.5 请参阅有关SLM方法的问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Stabilising of gully erosion by means of gravity type inverted tyre structures filled with stone.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Gravity type inverted tyre structure is bound together with wire and filled with stone.
The valley floor gully head drop is protected to prevent further erosion. Survey planning and design are important for the construction of the structure.
Maintenance includes prevention of leakage alongside the structure. The walls to prevent the erosion of soil are filled in. Ensure that the top layer stones are not washed away.
The structure is situated in a semi-arid area which is highly degraded through overgrazing.
Due to the location of the structure, further erosion was stopped that would have endangered some of the homesteads.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Developed by technician department Resource Conservation and farmer from local conservation committee.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Lack of landuse planning. Overgrazing. Overpopulation.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Lack of grazing land, frequent occurrence of droughts.

Constraints of infrastructure network (roads, railways, pipe lines, power lines): Not planning for access roads in the village

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 240; Longest growing period from month to month: Sep - Apr

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 横坡措施

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• 1-10 平方千米

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 12 km2.

Same technology was also applied in the Molatedi tribal village (70 km away in the same catchment area)

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Main causes of degradation: overgrazing, droughts, education, access to knowledge and support services (Lack of knowledge - Lack of training & awareness)

Secondary causes of degradation: over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use, other human induced causes (specify) (Agricultural causes - Lack of extension and planning), land tenure (Land subdivision - Only if someone own land (commercial farmers)), poverty / wealth (Lack of employment), Lack of enforcement of legislat./authority (Regarding natural resources)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

注释:

Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

further downstream another tyre construction trapping the silt, behind the structure silting up and vegetation is well growing

North West

Date: April 1999

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: impede / retard

Structural measure: Gully head drop structure

Construction material (earth): wire iron posts, plastic material, geotextilemembranes (bidim-kaymat) -water permeable soil exclude

Lateral gradient along the structure: 50%

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Rand

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

6.0

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	9400.0	9400.0
设备	Tools	ha	1.0	600.0	600.0
设备	Tyre averting tool machine	ha	1.0	100.0	100.0
施工材料	Geotextile membrane	ha	1.0	2000.0	2000.0
施工材料	Wire 2mm (rolls a 50kg)	ha	1.0	330.0	330.0
施工材料	Fully galvanised iron	ha	1.0	50.0	50.0
技术建立所需总成本					12480.0

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 0 month(s)

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

The complete structure.

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labour - very low productivity. Transportation of tyres. Tying wire must be cut economically according to need otherwise huge waste take place.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 凹陷情况

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Soil fertility is low

Soil drainage / infiltration is good

Soil water storage capacity is medium

5.3 土壤

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 100-200 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 3% - 4%

and own 100% of the land (Communal land belongs to the tribe).

Off-farm income specification: State pensions- head of family work elsewhere.

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 社区/村庄

土地使用权:

• 自由进入（无组织）

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 10-50%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

20 percent of the area

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

100 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: estimates

There is no trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Labour intensive, job creation
Received training

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Low cost material
Labour intensive can be utilized without machinery
Mostly unskilled labour can be used.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Storm water walls are in the way of motor vehicles, travelling in the village	Plan roads properly - construct alternative road around wall.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Costly if manual labour is unproductive	Maintain high productivity. Train workers, work smart, contract work
Transport cost of tyres is a big factor.	Utilize tyres from nearby areas. Utilizes big transport trucks with big loading capacity.
Need machine to invert tyres	Tool well and practically constructed - operators trained.
Must technically be well planned and constructed.	Use skilled technician for planning and to assist workers during construction.