1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Action Green Heritage (Action Green Heritage) - 南非

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

01/04/1999

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.5 请参阅有关SLM方法的问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Stone walls and re-vegetation (planting of indigenous trees) = Rehabilitation

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

For the pilot project loose stones and sometimes concrete walls that work well were used. It is not more expensive than gabions, because a trucker is needed for gabions and it is labour intensive. Wire is also often stolen off the gabions.
The following steps were followed in this technology:
The areas are fenced, barricades (gabion like structure) erected, and planting done. Rehabilitation and environmental education was the overall purpose. Severe erosion dongas can be improved and used for controlled grazing.
The request came from the Communities, they would like to make money and make land available for Nature reserves (it is seen as a status symbol). Hunting by professional hunters and meat for biltong. The excess game goes to hunting (local) and the meat is sold to the community at a lower price. Very little poaching or damage to the fences occurs.
Looking after the fences, roads, gabions and water points (infrastructure) are all part of the maintenance. The Nature reserves are actually surrounded by villages, but there are no problems of people going into the Reserves.
The areas are classified as Nature Reserve - Savannah woodlands (Acock’s veld type: 19), Nebo - transitional zone between 61 and 18 (Acock’s veld type 61) and Sekhukuhne as mixed bushveld (Acock’s 19).

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 保护生态系统

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Overpopulation (big pressure on veld), poor veld management (overgrazing), poor people. Population density most important factor.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Not enough land, or water for basic needs, agricultural development. Infrastructure was in place in 1964, Government did a lot of training, but there is not much left of anything.
Before the new Government (from 1990) things went downhill. People unsure about their future.

Ranching: Game

Grazingland comments: Trend towards ecotourism, more positive reaction to it.

Type of grazing system comments: Trend towards ecotourism, more positive reaction to it.

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 150; Longest growing period from month to month: Oct - Feb

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• nature conservancy system

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• 10-100 平方千米

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is Nebo Distr km2.

Former homeland area, communal grazing. SWC technology could also be applied outside of the Nature reserves. Big part of the Northern Province is similar to this area.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: management measures

Secondary measures: vegetative measures, structural measures

Type of vegetative measures: scattered / dispersed

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Ha: aridification

Main causes of degradation: overgrazing, other human induced causes (specify) (Agricultural causes - Poor land-use practice), poverty / wealth (Lack of captial)

Secondary causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires), over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use, other natural causes (avalanches, volcanic eruptions, mud flows, highly susceptible natural resources, extreme topography, etc.) specify (Soil types, especially in the eastern areas), education, access to knowledge and support services (Lack of knowledge), Lack of enforcement of legislat./authority (Becoming a bigger problem (is already a problem))

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

注释:

Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation, mitigation / reduction of land degradation

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: low

Technical knowledge required for land users: low

Main technical functions: improvement of ground cover, sediment retention / trapping, sediment harvesting

Secondary technical functions: reduction of slope angle

Scattered / dispersed
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 150

Trees/ shrubs species: Tree species: adapt technology – no soil. Bigger holes, cattle manure (local available) and mixed

Other species: Botusantes speciosus, Peltophorum africanum Mainly this two species, also some Figus ingens

Structural measure: gabion

Construction material (stone): Started with big one and made it smaller (job creation)

Change of land use practices / intensity level: Fencing the area off

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Rand

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

6.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Dig a hole	植物性的
2.	Plant the seedling	植物性的
3.	Watering	植物性的
4.	Collecting stones	结构性的	Before rainy season
5.	For concrete structures, fix it on the side (dig in)	结构性的
6.	Fencing the area off	管理
7.	Reintroducing of game (Government paid for this)	管理

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Construction of gabions and planting	ha	1.0	3100.0	3100.0
设备	Machine use	ha	1.0	210.0	210.0
植物材料	Tree seedlings	ha	1.0	625.0	625.0
施工材料	Fencing	ha	1.0	210.0	210.0
技术建立所需总成本					4145.0

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 36 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Watering	植物性的	For some months /
2.	Bring loose stones back after very heavy storms	结构性的	Rainy season/Once a year

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

5ha, concrete was used; land was given by the community, it was not possible to use it for something else (before rehabilitation); in other cases government paid 100% for the nature reserve and the pilot project

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Got funding only for a part of the area for one year. Then in the next year more funding, but never sure if enough funding will be available.
5 ha at Chuniespoort more expensive (concrete walls used). The costs for the community are the given land they couldn’t used for grazing anymore.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Slopes on average: Gentle for Potlake and rolling for Nebo

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil depth on average: Very shallow in Mantrombi, except behind the gabion and deep in Nebo

Soil texture: Coarse especially behind gabion

Soil fertility is low for Mantrombi, except silt deposit and medium for the rest

Topsoil organic matter is low for Mantrombi, but improving and medium for the rest

Soil drainage / infiltration is good

Soil water storage capacity is low for Maandagshoek, medium for Potlake and good for Nebo

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 200-500 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 2% - 3%

(shop owners, doctors, etc).
40% of the land users are poor and own 40% of the land.
60% of the land users are poor and own 60% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: Working people are in towns, people who are living in the rural areas are children, women, and old people.

Market orientation of production system: Trends towards ecotourisme, more positive reaction to it. Game meat always popular, and becoming more regularly available to community. If it is available, they will go for it. Set area apart.

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 社区/村庄

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

其它社会经济效应

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

其它生态影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Nature Reserves a possible income

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Reduce siltation for whole catchment (dam build in 1965 silted up in ±20 years!)
For recovery of vegetation and made wasteland available again for grazing
Retain water for aquifer and household uses.
Nature Reserves: Increase in biodiversity & income for community.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
High cost for fencing etc.
Soil conservation project – temporarily loss of land