1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Ethiopia (MoA) - 埃塞俄比亚

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

01/08/2003

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Construction of stones walls along the contour with trenches on the upper side of the structure while the upper part of the structure filled with soil and compacted.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

allignment of the soil along the contour, diiging of foundation, trench construction, spacing tie ridge, tree planting,

Purpose of the Technology: reduce erosion, increase soil moisture, recharge ground water, decrease ground water

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: stone wall construction, trench digging, tree and forage planting, area closure

Natural / human environment: enhance vegetation growth, decrease desertification, increase biodiversity

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

From outside the country

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保持/提高生物多样性

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): deforestation, soil erosion and overgrazing

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): shortage of fuel wood, shortage of food, shortage of drinking water, soil erosion

Clear felling of (semi-)natural forests: illegal cutting of trees

Plantation forestry: Yes

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 180 Longest growing period from month to month: Jun - Oct

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 横坡措施

3.5 技术传播

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 20.3 m2.

in some places some of the structures spacing closer than the design requirement

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content, Ha: aridification

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

注释:

Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation, rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap, reduction of slope angle, reduction of slope length

Secondary technical functions: improvement of ground cover, increase of infiltration, water harvesting / increase water supply

Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs, G : grass
Number of plants per (ha): 2500
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 1
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 10
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.5
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 1

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 25.00%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is (see figure below): 15.00%

Gradient along the rows / strips: 0.00%

Bund/ bank: level
Vertical interval between structures (m): 1
Spacing between structures (m): 10
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.5
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.85
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 5
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.9
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 1
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 250

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 25%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 15%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 0%

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

Change of land use practices / intensity level: area closure

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

birr

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

8.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	seedling production	植物性的	July-June
2.	pitting	植物性的	April-May
3.	planting	植物性的	July
4.	over sawing of grasses	植物性的	July
5.	survey & layout	结构性的	Dec.-April
6.	collection of stones	结构性的	Dec.-April
7.	digging foundation & trench	结构性的	Dec.-April
8.	construction	结构性的	Jan.-April
9.	site guard	管理	the whole year
10.	enrichment plantation and replanting	管理	onset of rainy season

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	234.0	234.0	10.0
劳动力	Harvesting	ha	1.0	45.0	45.0
设备	Tools	ha	1.0	14.0	14.0	5.0
植物材料	Seedlings	ha	1.0	86.0	86.0
技术建立所需总成本					379.0

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 84 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	replanting	植物性的	July /once
2.	stone collection	结构性的	January/once

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	4.0	4.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					4.0

注释:

Machinery/ tools: hand tools

length of structure

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

labour, slope, low survival rate of seedlings

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zone: 1500-3000 m a.s.l.
Landforma: Also hillslopes and footslopes
Slopes on average: Also moderate and rolling

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil texture: Medium (also fine/heavy and coarse/light)
Soil fertility is low-medium
Soil drainage/infiltration is medium
Soil water storage capacity is medium-low

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Annual population growth: 3% - 4%

40% of the land users are poor and own 40% of the land.
60% of the land users are poor and own 60% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: there is no difference

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

其它社会经济效应

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

其它生态影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

35000 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: estimates

There is no trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: it is constructed on the hillside and it is labourous

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
highly appreciate the construction of the trench because it enhance soil miosture and improve productivity of land and cropproduction.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
it has a great contribution for the sustainability of production
increase the flow of streams
recharge and increase water table

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
restricts free grazing	allow cut and carry from the area closure

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
it needs much labour during construction	mobilize the community
it takes land out of production	integrate the technology with other vegetative measures in order to increase the productivity of land including the areas ocuppied by the structure