1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

18/11/2003

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.5 请参阅有关SLM方法的问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Closure of degraded land is made on land that has lost vegetation cover, has low soil fertility . To speed up the regeneration process applying some SWC activities and enrichment plantation will be necessary.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The degraded land is closed from human and animal interfrances for at least 3-5 years. Inorder to enhance the rehabilitation rate of the degraded land SWC activities, such as terracing, enrichment plantation and oversowing of grass species is considered. These practices enhances growth of natural vegetation and enriches biodiversity.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

From churches and other religious areas

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Soil erosion, deforestation, degradation, loss of biodiversity, reduction in land productivity

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Low productivity and decline of soil fertility.

Other grazingland: free grazing

Other type of forest: area rehabilitation: lack of awarness

Problems / comments regarding forest use: In the closed forests enrichment plantation is undertaken. Individual woodlots are planted at homesteads. Currently individuals considered land less, poor and women are given land from the hillsides to plant and enclose them. The purpose is to enable individuals to generate income from it.

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

Water supply: Also mixed rainfed - irrigated

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 180Longest growing period from month to month: May - Oct

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 区域封闭（停止使用，支持恢复）

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• 10-100 平方千米

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 54.6 m2.

The bush land are closed and in some areas SWC activities were made and enrichment plantation has been done.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Wg: gully erosion / gullying

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content, Pu: loss of bio-productive function due to other activities, Ha: aridification

Main causes of degradation: over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use (wood cutting), overgrazing (trampling, degraded cover-plant), education, access to knowledge and support services (lack of knowledge)

Secondary causes of degradation: other human induced causes (specify) (agricultural causes), Heavy / extreme rainfall (intensity/amounts) (heavy rainfalls), poverty / wealth (lack of captial), land policy

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

注释:

Also: rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: control of raindrop splash, control of dispersed runoff: impede / retard, control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap, increase of surface roughness, increase of infiltration, increase / maintain water stored in soil, water harvesting / increase water supply, water spreading, improvement of soil structure

Secondary technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, reduction of slope angle, reduction of slope length, increase in organic matter, increase in soil fertility

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs, G : grass
Number of plants per (ha): 500

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs, G : grass

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs, G : grass

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs, G : grass

Trees/ shrubs species: Acacia saligna, grevellia, schinesmolle

Grass species: Rhodes grass, local grasses

Terrace: bench level
Vertical interval between structures (m): 2
Spacing between structures (m): 5-8
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.5-0.75
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 1
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 300

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 30%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 0%

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

Change of land use practices / intensity level: area closure

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Birr

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

8.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Seedling Production	植物性的	Januray-June
2.	Pitting	植物性的	May
3.	Planting	植物性的	Jully
4.	Layout and survey	结构性的	September
5.	Stone collection	结构性的	December-may
6.	Foundation excavation and construction	结构性的	December-may
7.	Awarness creation and site selection	管理	January
8.	Area closed	管理
9.	Site guard	管理	throughout the year

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	154.0	154.0	10.0
设备	Tools	ha	1.0	6.5	6.5	100.0
植物材料	Seeds	ha	1.0	2.0	2.0
其它	Person days	ha	1.0	28.0	28.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					190.5

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 120 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Planting	植物性的	Jully /yearly
2.	Weeding	植物性的	end of August /once
3.	Stone collection	结构性的	July-august/annual
4.	Construction	结构性的	July-august/annual
5.	Enrichment plantation	管理	July / annual

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	15.0	15.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					15.0

注释:

length of structure, site guard/ha, number of seedlings

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

labour, slope

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zone: 1000-2500 m a.s.l.
Landforms: Also plateua/plains and hill slopes
Slopes on avereage: Also moderate and steep

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil depth on average: Also moderately deep, deep and very shallow
Soil texture also coarse/light and fine/heavy
Soil fertility is low-medium
Soil drainage/infiltration is medium-good
Soil water storage capacity is low-medium

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 200-500 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 3% - 4%

70% of the land users are average wealthy and own 70% of the land.
25% of the land users are poor and own 25% of the land.
5% of the land users are poor and own 5% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: Food for work

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

其它生态影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

180000 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: estimates

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: because the benefits obtained are convincing and many land usrs want to practice it either individually, in groups or at a community level.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Rehabilitating the degraded land
Increase grass and fodder for livestock
Obtain wood for fuel

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Rehabilitation of the degraded land How can they be sustained / enhanced? Developing bylaws to keep the area and to use benefits out of it
Increase biodiversity How can they be sustained / enhanced? Enrichment plantation
Decrease soil erosion How can they be sustained / enhanced? Constructing SWC techniques wherever necessary
Increasing feed and forage
Habitate for wild animals

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Lack of land use policy	facilitate to develop and implement national policy
Lack of awarness	creat awarness of stackholders at various level

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Meret