1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

29/05/2011

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Closing the degraded land in order to provide enough time to regenerate by excluding from human and animal interferance.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The area is closed until the conditions are improved by revegetation and constructing structural measures. The technique is applied on steep slopes, shallow and denuded and environmentally sensetive areas.

Purpose of the Technology: The purpose is to reclaim denuded land and make it productive and introduce effective use use of the land. Through stablizing the soil and regenerating of natural vegetation, helps to protect the down stream crop lands and other properties.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The initial establishment is through restricting any domestic animal and human interferance into the closed area until the land rehabilitates. Maintenance includes replanting of tree species and repair of fence and structural measures that have breached.

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): low level of awarness of the land users on the effect of soil erosion.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): low productivity of land

Plantation forestry: Yes

Problems / comments regarding forest use: no forest land is owned individually,

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 120 Longest growing period from month to month: Jun - Aug Second longest growing period in days: 45 Second longest growing period from month to month: Mar - Apr

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 区域封闭（停止使用，支持恢复）

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• 10-100 平方千米

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 57.1 m2.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content, Pu: loss of bio-productive function due to other activities

Main causes of degradation: overgrazing, education, access to knowledge and support services (lack of knowledge)

Secondary causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires), over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use, poverty / wealth (lack of captial), lack of enforcement of legislat./authority

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

注释:

Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation, mitigation / reduction of land degradation

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: improvement of ground cover

Secondary technical functions: increase of surface roughness, sediment harvesting

Scattered / dispersed
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 2500

Trees/ shrubs species: Acacia saligna, Casia siamea, Schinus mole

Terrace: forward sloping
Vertical interval between structures (m): 1.5m
Spacing between structures (m): 1.5m
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.5m
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.5m
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 6m
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.75m
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.75m
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 50m

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 15%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 0%

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Birr

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

8.56

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	road construction	植物性的	dry season
2.	planting	植物性的	wet season
3.	fencing	植物性的	dry season
4.	microbasin	植物性的	dry season
5.	pitting	植物性的	dry season
6.	terrace construction	植物性的	dry season
7.	Surveying & layout	结构性的	dry season
8.	digging	结构性的	dry season
9.	stablizing embankment	结构性的	wet season

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	13600.0	13600.0	90.0
设备	Tools	ha	1.0	500.0	500.0
植物材料	Seeds	ha	1.0	350.0	350.0	10.0
植物材料	Seedlings	ha	1.0	5700.0	5700.0	15.0
技术建立所需总成本					20150.0

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	fence	植物性的	dry season /annual
2.	microbasin	植物性的	dry season /annual
3.	repitting	植物性的	dry season /annual
4.	terrace	植物性的	dry season /annual
5.	road	植物性的	dry season /annual
6.	replanting	植物性的	wet season /annual
7.	excavation of sediments	结构性的	dry season/annual
8.	replanting	结构性的	wet season/annual

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	9350.0	9350.0	100.0
植物材料	Seeds	ha	1.0	280.0	280.0	40.0
植物材料	Seedlings	ha	1.0	4380.0	4380.0
技术维护所需总成本					14010.0

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

location of nursery site from the closed area, absence of road and/or vehicle/fuel

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Slopes on average: Moderate (50% of the area), rolling (30% of the area) and gentle (20%)

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil texture is medium (loamy, silty). Also coarse/light (ranked 2) and fine/heavy (ranked 3)
Soil fertility is medium. Also low (ranked 2) and very high (ranked 3)
Topsoil organic matter is medium (1-3%). Also low (ranked 2) and high (ranked 3)
Soil drainage/infiltration is medium. Also good (ranked 2) and poor (ranked 3)
Soil water storage capacity is medium. Also low (ranked 2) and high (ranked 3)

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 100-200 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 2% - 3%

and own 25% of the land.
and own 60% of the land.
and own 15% of the land.

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

其它生态影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 10-50%

注释:

65% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

35% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

There is a strong trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: they strongly belive that this technology will solve their basic problem at the community level, lsuch as fulfilling demanding of fuel wood and construction materials in short period and in increasing environmental and economical benefits in the long period.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
grasses for livestock and timber for construction
reduce runoff
increase awarness about resources conservation
understand the importance of group work

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
reduce soil erosion in the closed area How can they be sustained / enhanced? strengthen and encourage the community
satisfay the demand of fuel wood, construction material and feed How can they be sustained / enhanced? provide improved seeds and training
protect down slope land and properties How can they be sustained / enhanced? Organize experience sharing programme
increase the awarness of farmers about conservation of natural resources
encourage group work in the community

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
un equal contribution in group work during implimentation
reduced areas for open grazing
low commitment of the community leaders

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
lack of continous supervision
lack of integration of activities
interferance of livestock in some areas
too much expectations from the government