1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Department of Geography, University of Basel (Department of Geography, University of Basel) - 瑞士

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

05/09/2003

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

graded ditch out of soil and stones to protect the fields below from water runoff

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The ditch is digged into the steep land, into the soil. The lowert side is usually layn out with sontes to raise the soil wall and to stabilize the ditch so the water won't break through.

Purpose of the Technology: protect the field below from water runoff

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: by farmers on a individual basis, both establishment and maintenance is entirely up to the farmers.

Natural / human environment: steep, cultivated slope

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 作为传统系统的一部分（> 50 年）

注释（项目类型等）:

it is local, indigenous

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 结合其他技术保护流域/下游区域

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): erosion, decline of soil fertility and yield decline
other major SWC specialist: shortage of grazing land and of forage

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): erosion, runoff, drought, climate

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: barley/wheat/emmer wheat - beans or teff - maize - barley/wheat/emmer wheat - beans or teff - maize

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 150 Longest growing period from month to month: Jul - Nov Second longest growing period in days: 150 Second longest growing period from month to month: Jan - May

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 横坡措施

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• 0.1-1 平方千米

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: structural measures

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

drawing showing a traditional ditch, Maybar, Ethiopia

Location: Maybar. Wello

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: low

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, control of dispersed runoff: impede / retard

Construction material (earth): the ditch is digged out and the earth is the used to build the walls a little bit higher and ist is

Construction material (stone): to lay out the earth wall on the lower side

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 50%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 25%

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	it grows itself	植物性的
2.	dig out the ditch	结构性的
3.	lay out the ditch with stones	结构性的

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	clean the ditch from sediments	结构性的	best before rain season/whenever needed, necessary
2.	add new stones, maybe fix holes	结构性的	best before rain season/wheneever needed, necessar

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

the farmers do this themselves, it is part of their annual work

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

soil depth and soil type affects the time it takes to dig out the ditch

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Landforms: Hill slopes (quite steep)

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility: Medium (ranked 1) and low (ranked 2)
Soil drainage/infiltration: Medium
Soil water storage capacity: Low (ranked 1) and medium (ranked 2)

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 100-200 persons/km2
10% of the land users are rich and own 38% of the land (only rough estimates).
58% of the land users are average wealthy and own 36% of the land (only rough estimates).
32% of the land users are poor and own 26% of the land (only rough estimates).
Level of mechanization: Animal traction (ranked 1, ploughing with oxen) and manual work (ranked 2, hacking)

Off-farm income specification: farmers employ others for ploughing, so they can go to the market

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

• leased, individual

• leased, individual

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

200

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

注释:

Comments on acceptance with external material support: survey results

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

200 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: survey results

There is no trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: the ditches are the same; the farmers still build them the same way.

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Biological soil conservation techniques for Maybar area, Ethiopia. Kassaye Goshu. 1997.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

CDE, Bern

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Classification of the Environment Conditions. H.-J. Krüger. 2003.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

CDE, Bern

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Area of Maybar, Wello, Ethiopia: Long-term Monitoring of the Agricultural Environment 1981-1994

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

CDE, Bern

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

The Use, Maintenance and Development of Soil and Water Conservation Measures by Small-Scale Farming Householfs in Different Agro-Climatic Zones of Northern Shewa and Southern Wello, Ethiopia.Yohannes Gebre Michael. 1999.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

CDE, Bern