1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

05/06/1999

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.5 请参阅有关SLM方法的问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Masonry dam in seasonal watercourse or river that stores water in the sand which accumulates above it.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The dams are usually constructed where there is a rock bar in the river bed. The dam wall is raised 1.5 - 2.0 M above the level of sand.They fill up quickly with sand in which water is stored. The sand reduces the rate of evaporation and about 30% of the volume can store water for use in the dry season. If the dam is well constructed, maintenance is minimal. The dams are especially useful in semi-arid areas with catchments that provides plenty of coarse sand to fill up the reservoir.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Introduced in semi arid regions of kenya by the colonial government to increase water availabilty during the dry period through construction of masonary barrier across ephemeral rivers.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Semi-arid conditions with frequent failure of rains and experience water availabilty problems during dry period. High incidence of both on-farm soil erosion.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): drought , insufficient rains, water scacity.

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 60 Longest growing period from month to month: Oct - JanSecond longest growing period in days: 58 Second longest growing period from month to month: Mar - May

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 集水

3.5 技术传播

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 200 m2.

The area was selected because of the need for water in the dry season and the density of population to implement the sand dam construction

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wr: riverbank erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying

Main causes of degradation: other natural causes (avalanches, volcanic eruptions, mud flows, highly susceptible natural resources, extreme topography, etc.) specify (Semi-arid climate)

Secondary causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires), over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use (reduced infiltration and drying of springs), overgrazing, poverty / wealth (Lack of captial), education, access to knowledge and support services (Lack of knowledge - incidence of water borne dieseases)

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: water harvesting / increase water supply, sediment retention / trapping, sediment harvesting

Secondary technical functions: increase / maintain water stored in soil

Construction material (concrete): Masonry structure using rocks & stones with some reinforcing bars and wires

Construction material (other): reinforced bars and wires

Lateral gradient along the structure: 5%

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Kenya shillings

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

78.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Digging out riverbed to reach rock bar	结构性的	dryseason
2.	Laying concrete foundation	结构性的	dryseason
3.	collection of materials (rocks, sand)	结构性的	dryseason
4.	construction of dam and wing walls	结构性的	dryseason

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 24 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	inspection of dam for leakages	结构性的	after the rains/each cropping season

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

depth of the foundation, valley width.

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

depth of foundation trench to the rock bar, the width of the river valley and the height of the banks.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Slopes on average: Also gentle

Lanforms: In riverbeads

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil depth on average: Most areas have shallow soils with unweathered rocks.

Soil fertility is low

Soil drainage / infiltration is medium and soils are prone to surface sealing

Soil water storage capacity is low - medium

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 10-50 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 2% - 3%

1% of the land users are rich and own 5% of the land.
30% of the land users are average wealthy and own 35% of the land.
55% of the land users are poor and own 45% of the land.
14% of the land users are poor and own 15% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: A large proportion of the adult male population is working outside the district

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名
• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 大于 50%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

23000 Households in an area of 200 sq km

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

70% of land user families have adopted the Technology.

23000 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: survey results

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: self help groups have started pooling together their resources for implementation of the technology especially in areas where there has never been an NGO or such a project.

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

"Where there is no water" SASOL and Maji na Ufanisi 1999

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Maji na Ufanisi Nairobi or SASOL Kitui