1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

26/04/2000

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Enlarged ditch/channels that are not graded in order to collect and retain runoff from road/school (External Catchments)

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

A soil bund for soil erosion reduction. Achieved by excavation of ungraded channels which are used for runoff collection.

Purpose of the Technology: reduce soil erosion, collect and retain road runoff (Water Harvesting), Growing of bananas, sugarcane, grass, enhance crop production through reduction of loss of fertile soil and moisture conservation.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Establishment - Soil excavation (More than conventional recommendation) Grass planting for stabilization. Maintenance - repair of broken sections, de-siltation of the channels.

Natural / human environment: Semi - arid area where rainfall is usually inadequate for good crop performance

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

注释（项目类型等）:

From SWC Extension Specialists

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Erosion by water due to the erratic nature of the low crop yields, inadequate moisture for crop production

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Soil erosion by water, low crop yields, Food insecurity.

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 90 Longest growing period from month to month: Oct - Jan Second longest growing period in days: 60Second longest growing period from month to month: Mar - May

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 集水
• 引水和排水

3.5 技术传播

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 0.052 m2.

The area is based on one individual farm - Mr. Musyoka Muindu

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Ha: aridification

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap, increase of infiltration, increase / maintain water stored in soil, water harvesting / increase water supply, water spreading

Secondary technical functions: control of concentrated runoff: impede / retard, reduction of slope length

Perennial crops species: Banana and sugarcane

Grass species: Panicum colorutum makariensis

Construction material (earth): excavated from the channel and also collected as sediment

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Kenya shillings

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

70.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Acquisition of grass cuttings	植物性的	onset of the rains
2.	Planting the grass on the established structures	植物性的	During the rains
3.	Acquisition of banana suckers and sugarcane splits	植物性的	Before the rain
4.	Planting banana suckers and sugarcane splits	植物性的	onset of the rains
5.	Layout of the structures	结构性的	Dry season
6.	excavation of the channel and bund formation	结构性的	Dry season
7.	Construction of road runoff diversion ditch	结构性的	onset of rains
8.	stabilisation with grass species	结构性的	rainy season
9.	Banana sugarcane planting	结构性的	dry season or onset of the rain

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 36 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Repair broken sections of the structures	植物性的	Before/during the rains /Twice a year
2.	Plant new grass cuttings	植物性的	during rains /annually
3.	Replace old or dried banana suckers/sugarcane splits	植物性的	before/during rains /annually
4.	Repair of broken sections	结构性的	rainy season/seasonally
5.	grass replanting	结构性的	rainy season/seasonally
6.	removal of sediment/silt	结构性的	rainy/dry season/annual
7.	rplacement of old banana stools	结构性的	dry season/after 2 to 3 years
8.	manure application	结构性的	dry season/annual

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

length of structures - 40m, spacing between structures - 18m, no of terraces per ha - 13, total no of metres = 13*40 = 540 of excavation

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Soil depth - soils with a hardpan are more expensive to excavate. Labour - cost varies with seasons

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil texture: The soil is a mixture of sand and loam (sandy loam)

Soil fertility is low - medium

Soil drainage / infiltration is good

Soil water storage capacity is medium

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 10-50 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 2% - 3%

10% of the land users are rich and own 15% of the land.
25% of the land users are average wealthy and own 30% of the land.
40% of the land users are poor and own 25% of the land.
20% of the land users are poor and own 20% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: only a small proportion of the population is in formal employment

Level of mechanization: Use of oxen drawn plough for ploughing and weeding

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

6.1 该技术的现场影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 单例/实验

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

24 households in an area of 0.52 ha (The area is based on one individual farm - Mr. Musyoka Muindu)

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

注释:

24 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: land users have realised the importance of water harvesting under the semi arid conditions where crop performance is poor