1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Bureau of Soils and Water Management (Bureau of Soils and Water Management) - 菲律宾

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

16/05/2000

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Development of micro-catchment for soil and water conservation and for the provision of supplementary irrigation during the dry season.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Small Water Impounding Project (SWIP) is a water harvesting and storage structure consisting of an earth embankment spillway, outlet works and canal facilities. It is designed for soil and water conservation and flood control by holding as much water as possible during the rainy season. The reduced volume and force of runoff subsequently reduced their eroding power of water thereby minimizing soil erosion and silting of fertile bottom lands. The reservoir with its stored water is an important supplemental source of water for agriculture and is also used for fisheries. SWIP development involves a holistic approach. The watershed is developed for land use that enhances water infiltration and minimizes soil erosion (for the long life of the reservoir). The most common use of the watershed is agro-forestry. The service area is used for high value crops that minimizes the use of water on a controlled basis. A holistic and integrated approach is done in managing the micro-watershed. The farmer-beneficiaries of the irrigation water and those of the watershed are organized into an association. They maintain the system and protect the watershed by advocating sustainable agriculture.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

From other areas with simlar condition (areas where runoff can be collected and impounded and used for supplementary irrigation)

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 保护生态系统

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Long term sustainability of agricultural system is seriously in doubt. Because farmers cannot practice intensive agriculture, income is low.
Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Low yield and cannot raise two crops of rice in one year. High inputs required. Small farm area and lack of irrigation facilities.

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 180, Longest growing period from month to month: May - Oct; Second longest growing period in days: 120, Second longest growing period from month to month: Nov - Feb

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 灌溉管理（包括供水、排水）
• 地表水管理（泉、河、湖、海）

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• 1-10 平方千米

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 10 m2.
Because of the recurring El Nino phonomenon, the government fast-tracked the development of small water impounding projects during the 90's to counteract severe water shortages especially for upland areas.

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

General map and typical plan of a Small Water Impounding Project (SWIP)
Location: Talugtug. Nueva Ecija

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate
Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate
Main technical functions: water harvesting / increase water supply
Secondary technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, increase of infiltration

Vegetative measure: contour
Vegetative material: F : fruit trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 100
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 10
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 10
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 10
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 10

Vegetative measure: downstream side of the dam
Vegetative material: F : fruit trees / shrubs
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.5
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.5
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.5
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.5

Vegetative measure: forest trees
Vegetative material: F : fruit trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 4,000
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 2
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 2
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 2
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 2

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: F : fruit trees / shrubs
Trees/ shrubs species: mahogany, G-melina
Fruit trees / shrubs species: mango
Grass species: vetive (to protect the downstream slope of dam)
Other species: banana

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Phil. Peso

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

40.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	clearing	植物性的	onset of rains May-June)
2.	layout/staking	植物性的	onset of rains
3.	digging of holes	植物性的	onset of rains
4.	basal fertilization	植物性的	onset of rains
5.	planting	植物性的	onset of rains

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	labour	ha	1.0	39000.0	39000.0
设备	machine use	ha	1.0	55000.0	55000.0
技术建立所需总成本					94000.0

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 12 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Weeding	植物性的	rainy season /monthly
2.	Fertilization	植物性的	/twice a year
3.	Irrigation	植物性的	dry season /weekly

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	labour	ha	1.0	900.0	900.0	100.0
设备	animal traction	ha	1.0	375.0	375.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					1275.0

注释:

Length, height and width of structure and the source of materials like gravels and stones.

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

The source of materials like stones/gravels affect the cost. Usually, these are hauled from long distances. Also the construction of access roads adds substantially to the cost.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 50-100 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 1% - 2%
5% of the land users are very rich and own 25% of the land (4).
10% of the land users are rich and own 25% of the land.
50% of the land users are average wealthy and own 40% of the land.
30% of the land users are poor and own 5% of the land.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名
• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 自由进入（无组织）
• 个人

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

其它社会经济效应

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

其它生态影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support
180 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Increase in farm income
Opportunity for other farming opportunities (fish including shell farming)

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
It is a holistic and integrated approach to watershed management/development
Immediate economic impact
Institutional strengthening

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
High establishment cost

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
High initial investment cost	Cost-sharing among different agencies. Beneficiaries to subsidize labor
Loss of productive land (reservoir area)	Compensation of affected farmers

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Small Water Impounding Project (SWIP) for Productivity Improvement of Paddy Soils: The case of Talugtug, Nueva Ecija, Philippines, 2000, Rodolfo M. Lucas, Samuel Contreras, Teresita Sandoval