1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Mariano Marcos State University (MMSU) - 菲律宾

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Bureau of Soils and Water Management (Bureau of Soils and Water Management) - 菲律宾

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Replacing the sand in the planting hole with soil for the proper nourishment of newly planted trees and for better moisture retention and storage.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The technology is used in two contrasting geological environment: 1) sand dunes formed through the action of wind, and 2) lahar flows caused by the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo volcano in 1991. Lahars are the pyroclastic materials deposited in the lowland through the action of water, usually several meters in thickness. Both landscape have the same characteristics: some climatic type characterized by long dry season (7 months), high silica content, high erodibility and low water holding capacity, hence, droughty. The total annual rainfall is about 2,000 mm which occur from May to October. Sand dunes and crop establishment (mango) is done by digging a hole usually 1 x 1 x 1 meter. The sand is replaced by true soil mixed with organic fertilizer. Planting is done at the onset of the rainy season, usually June. Frequent fertilization is done. Manual irrigation is necessary during the dry season. The fruit tree crops suitable in the area are mango and cashew. Afforestations species include Casuarina equisentifolia and Acacia auricoliformis. Gliricidia sepium which is a very valuable fuelwood thrives well also. Grasses particularly Sacharum spontaneum can spontaneously colorize the area, especially that of lahar.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 在实验/研究期间

注释（项目类型等）:

The technology has been practiced for generations under various environmental conditions, usually in fertile-poor areas.

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): High erosion hazard by wind and water, very low soil fertility and water holding capacity (droughty).

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): High fertilizer and water requirement.

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 240

Longest growing period from month to month: May - Dec

Second longest growing period in days: 210

Second longest growing period from month to month: Jun - Nov

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• 1-10 平方千米

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 3 m2.

The technology was used in two contrasting environments: sand dunes and lahar flows caused by the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo volcano in 1991. Both have almost similar characteristics, however- high content of Si, low fertility and very droughty. The technology is a land reclamation measure.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Et: loss of topsoil

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

注释:

Main goals: rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: increase in soil fertility

Secondary technical functions: improvement of ground cover, increase / maintain water stored in soil

Vegetative measure: Aligned
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 144
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 8
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 8
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 8

Vegetative measure: Aligned Mango
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 100
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 10
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 10
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 10

Vegetative measure: Aligned Cashew
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 400
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 5
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 5
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 5

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs

Trees/ shrubs species: Casuarina equisetifolia

Fruit trees / shrubs species: Mango, Cashew

Grass species: Native grasses

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Peso

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

50.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Digging of holes	植物性的	beginning of rainy season
2.	Hauling of fill materials (for resoiling)	植物性的	beginning of rainy season
3.	Transplanting of fruit tree seedlings	植物性的	beginning of rainy season

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 12 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Fertilization	植物性的	every 6 months from planting /
2.	Watering	植物性的	weekly during dry season /

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

Machinery/ tools: iron bar, spade, sprayers, pail, bolo

The calculation was based on 100 mango plants per hectare. The items considered were seedling cost, fertilizer and labor for hole digging, hauling of filling materials, planting and maintenance cost for watering and fertilizat

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Soil texture is the most crucial factor affecting costs. High labor is required in hauling filling materials to replace the sand in the planting hole. Also because of low water holding capacity, the plants have to be watered at least once a week during the dry season.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 200-500 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 2% - 3%

5% of the land users are very rich and own 5% of the land.
10% of the land users are rich and own 10% of the land.
60% of the land users are average wealthy and own 70% of the land.
20% of the land users are poor and own 10% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: Carpentry, trading and working in other farms

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州
• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）
• 租赁

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

减少气候和灾害风险

其它生态影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

注释:

20% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

30 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: land users are convinced about the technology

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
It allows the utilization of "useless" barren land How can they be sustained / enhanced? Government support like inputs/credits

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
It can make fertile-poor and degraded areas productive How can they be sustained / enhanced? Sustained information, education campaign (IEC)
It increases the water retention capacity of sandy soils.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Laborious (hauling of fill materials)	Labor-sharing
High maintenance cost (irrigation, fertilizer)

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Laborious (hauling of fill materials)	Labor-sharing

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

2000 Annual Report, MMSU

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Mariano Marcos State University (MMSU), Batac, Ilocos Norte