1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

The Transboundary Agro-ecosystem Management Project for the Kagera River Basin (GEF-FAO / Kagera TAMP )

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) - 意大利

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

05/12/2013

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Rain-water from all corrugated iron roof structures in one compound is harvested and stored in underground tanks.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Despite high precipitation (>1200 mm), Rubagano still experiences water shortage. It is hilly, with steep (>30%) to very steep (>58%) slopes. Rain water runs off to the valleys below, causing erosion and damaging infrastructure such as roads along its course. There is little rain water infiltration and the ground water level low. The few boreholes that government constructed in the area are often dry. Therefore women and children normally walk distances of up to 4 km to fetch water which, in many cases, is actually runoff dammed behind a concrete wall built across an open rock patch. To alleviate water scarcity, farmers have been mobilized by Kagera TAMP project to harvest the rain water from their own roofs. Because water sources are far from most households, rooftop water harvesting has a very high utility for the farmers. Adoption is high.

Purpose of the Technology: The primary goal of the technology is to increase household water availability. It also reduces runoff, produces water for the tree nursery and backyard gardens..

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Requirements for harvesting water on an iron roof are water collection gutters and an underground tank. Rain falling on the roof flows into collection gutters constructed around the roof which angle gently away from the house and end at one or more underground tanks. Excavation and construction of the storage tank is costly and requires well qualified artisans. These are trained locally and are available within the community to minimize costs. The underground tank is constructed by excavating the ground between 3.0 m and 3.5 m deep and 2.0 m to 2.5 m diameter. Thus, a small tank will have a capacity of 38,000 litres (38 cubic metres). The bottom and walls of the pit is then built up throughout with brick and mortar. The top is a concrete slab with 2 openings of 0.3 m diameter, one connected to the gutters and the other through which a plastic container is lowered to fetch water. Though establishment costs appear high for farmers, the longer term benefits outweigh the original cost. Once established the maintenance costs are limited to periodic cleaning.

Natural / human environment: Heavy rainstorms may blow the gutters out of position.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Loss of vegetation, soil erosion and very low ground water level. Difficulty in finding access to water for domestic use, livestock and crop irrigation.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Women and children walk very long distances in search of water from permanent natural wells.

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 120 Longest growing period from month to month: September to December Second longest growing period in days: 90 Second longest growing period from month to month: February to May

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 集水

3.5 技术传播

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 0.001 m2.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: structural measures

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Hs: change in quantity of surface water, Hp: decline of surface water quality

Main causes of degradation: soil management (Removal of vegetation cover), deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires) (Forests harvested for fuel wood, charcoal, agriculture etc.), other natural causes (avalanches, volcanic eruptions, mud flows, highly susceptible natural resources, extreme topography, etc.) specify (Steep slopes increase the speed of runoff and soil erosion)

Secondary causes of degradation: change of seasonal rainfall (Climate change effects of human activity), droughts (Longer dry spells as a result of climatic changes), poverty / wealth (Cannot afford manure or fertilizers to make soil more productive so forest is cut to create more agricultural land)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Details of rainwater harvesting system: roof catchment, gutters and underground storage tank

Location: Rubagano, Mwizi Sub-county, Mbarara District. Uganda

Date: 18 December 2013

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: low (Artisan's work once the land user has decided on the size of the water tank required)

Main technical functions: water harvesting / increase water supply

Secondary technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, control of concentrated runoff: drain / divert, water spreading

Dam/ pan/ pond
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): d=3.0
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): r=2.0
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): n/a

Specification of dams/ pans/ ponds: Capacity 38m3

Catchment area: 900 m2m2

Beneficial area: 900 m2m2

For water harvesting: the ratio between the area where the harvested water is applied and the total area from which water is collected is: 1:0.1

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

UGX

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

2500.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Tank construction	结构性的	Throughout the year
2.	Procurement and raising of collection gutters	结构性的	Throughout the year
3.	Wooden poles	结构性的	Throughout the year

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	500.0	500.0	100.0
设备	Tools	ha	1.0	30.0	30.0	100.0
施工材料	Wood	ha	1.0	16.0	16.0	100.0
施工材料	Bricks	ha	1.0	400.0	400.0	100.0
施工材料	Cement	ha	1.0	420.0	420.0	100.0
施工材料	Sand	ha	1.0	160.0	160.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					1526.0

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 2 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Tank maintenance (above ground)	结构性的	Once a year
2.	Gutter replacement	结构性的	Twice a year
3.	Wooden poles	结构性的	Twice a year

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	80.0	80.0	100.0
设备	Tools	ha	1.0	10.0	10.0	100.0
施工材料	Wood	ha	1.0	4.0	4.0	100.0
施工材料	Bricks	ha	1.0	40.0	40.0	100.0
施工材料	Cement	ha	1.0	42.0	42.0	100.0
施工材料	Sand	ha	1.0	40.0	40.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					216.0

注释:

Machinery/ tools: Pick-axe, hand hoe, panga

The calculations were done for a 38.0 cubic meter tank constructed in September 2013

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Skilled labor for the construction of the underground tank

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zone: 1501-2000 m a.s.l (Ranked 1, rubagano has an average altitude of 1700 m a.s.l) and 1001-1500 m a.s.l. (ranked 2)

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility: Low (ranked 1) and medium (ranked 2)
Soil drainage/infiltration: Medium
Soil water storage capacity: Medium (ranked 1) and low (ranked 2)

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users
Population density: 50-100 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 2% - 3%
1% of the land users are very rich and own 10% of the land.
15% of the land users are rich and own 20% of the land.
80% of the land users are average wealthy and own 65% of the land (Have an iron roof house, some livestock and land for cultivation).
4% of the land users are poor and own 5% of the land.
Off-farm income specification: Similar statistics for all types of land users as far as off-farm income is concerned
Level of mechanization: Manual work (All land is cultivated manually)
Market orientation of production system: Mixed (ranked 1, most farmers cultivate banana plantations for subsistence and commercial use) and subsistence (ranked 2, a few farmers cultivate for subsisce)

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 自由进入（无组织）

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	好
局地风暴	好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	不好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	好

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
缩短生长期	好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

The technology may appear expensive to the farmer at the time of establishment but it is cost-effective in the long-term.

6.5 技术采用

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

25

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 50-90%

注释:

20% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

5 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

80% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

20 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: Regardless of the high costs involved, improved water security has encouraged farmers to adapt the technology.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Makes water for drinking and domestic use more readily available to the household How can they be sustained / enhanced? Encourage adoption and maintenance through farmer-to-farmer information
Saves women and children from walking long distances in search of clean water How can they be sustained / enhanced? Empower women and children to demand and obtain rooftop water harvesting at home
Rooftop harvested water is cleaner than trapped runoff used by many members of the community How can they be sustained / enhanced? Help households to acquire materials for rooftop water harvesting

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Technology is expensive to establish	Support government and private sector to subsidize tanking systems for farmers
Requires technical expertise especially in concrete preparation to prevent cracks and leakages	Ensure farmers who express the need to adapt get access to construction technicians

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Kagera TAMP project website

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

www.fao.org/nr/kagera/en