1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Manual of Good Practices in Small Scale Irrigation in the Sahel (GIZ )

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH (GIZ) - 德国

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Misereor - 德国

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

01/07/2012

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

1.5 请参阅有关SLM方法的问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Sand dunes are stabilized with vegetation to reduce wind erosion and the amount of sand blown onto cropland, dwellings and other infrastructure.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

This measure is used to stabilise sand dunes in locations and villages where there is a risk of sand covering cropland or infrastructure (buildings, roads, irrigation systems, etc.). Dune stabilisation is achieved by setting up windbreaks arranged in a checkerboard pattern, with each side measuring between 10 and 15 m. The windbreaks are formed by palisades made from millet stalks or other plant material or by hedges and trees (Leptadenia pyrotechnica, Euphorbia balsamifera, Acacia raddiana, Acacia senegal, Balanites aegyptiaca, Prosopis juliflora, etc.).

Purpose of the Technology: They provide protection from wind erosion and reduce the amount of sand blown onto cropland, dwellings and other infrastructure which can prevent extensive damage. Grass and shrubs are planted in strips in the fenced-off areas to further stabilise the soil. The palisades and vegetation provide shade that lowers soil temperatures and the organic matter and waste improves the soil structure.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Specific experience is required to assess the degraded area as a whole and choose the most appropriate techniques, the right species to plant and the most suitable locations. Sometimes, the protected area is rehabilitated, particularly when land use pressure is high in neighbouring areas.
The protected dunes must be closely monitored and rigorously maintained for at least three years. It is therefore necessary to ensure good community organisation and take the action required to enforce the rules established and impose fines. Partial use of the area for grazing is sometimes allowed (one day a fortnight). Some projects prefer to fence off the sites with wire fencing to ensure that they are completely protected.
The success of this measure depends to a large extent on climatic conditions. A rainy year after the windbreaks have been erected creates favourable conditions for the species planted to become established.

Natural / human environment: With increasingly stronger winds and the accelerated degradation of the natural vegetation growing on sand dunes, it is very likely that the problems caused by shifting dunes will worsen in the future. Techniques to stabilise shifting sand dunes will therefore become more important.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

developed, implemented and disseminated as part of projects and programmes undertaken from the 1980s onwards to combat desertification and improve natural resource management. Implemented by GIZ (German Federal Enterprise for International Cooperation), PDRT (Projet de développement rural de Tahoua - Tahoua Rural Development Project), PASP (Projet de protection intégrée des ressources agro-sylvo-pastorales Tillabéri-Nord - Project for the Integrated Protection of Agricultural, Forest and Rangeland Resources in Tillabéri-Nord)

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保护生态系统
• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): wind erosion
Constraints of common grazing land
Constraints of forested government-owned land or commons

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 120, Longest growing period from month to month: August to October

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 防风林/防护林带

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• 1-10 平方千米

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 1.8 km2.
Under the PDRT in Niger, a total area of 180 ha of shifting sand dunes was stabilised, preventing serious damage to dwellings and to the farmland and rangeland that are basic components of the population’s livelihood system.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Type of vegetative measures: aligned: -against wind

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main causes of degradation: soil management (Unadapted landuse methods, reduced or abandoned fallow periods), droughts, population pressure (rapidly growing population increasing pressure on land), land tenure (insecure access to land)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Dune stabilisation is achieved by setting up windbreaks arranged in a checkerboard pattern, with each side measuring between 10 and 15 m. The windbreaks are formed by palisades made from millet stalks or other plant material or by hedges and trees.

Location: Niger
Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate
Technical knowledge required for land users: low

Main technical functions: improvement of ground cover, increase of surface roughness, stabilisation of soil (eg by tree roots against land slides), sediment retention / trapping, sediment harvesting, reduction in wind speed, increase of biomass (quantity), promotion of vegetation species and varieties (quality, eg palatable fodder)

Aligned: -against wind
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs, G : grass
Number of plants per (ha): 400
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 10
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 5

Trees/ shrubs species: Prosopis chilensis, Ziziphus mauritiana, Acacia senegal, Bauhina rufescens, Euphorbia balsamifera.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

CFA Franc

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

521.18

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Establish palisade of millet stalk	结构性的
2.	Seeding grasses	结构性的
3.	Planting	结构性的
4.	Spreading manure	结构性的

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	96.45	96.45
植物材料	Seedlings	ha	1.0	212.2	212.2
其它	Transport	ha	1.0	115.75	115.75
技术建立所需总成本					424.4

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labour: 50 man-days per ha
• 60 palisade stakes per ha
• 400 tree and shrub seedlings per ha
• transportation (by lorry) of palisades and seedlings
• protection: costly if the site is protected with wire fencing, which might be stolen.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility: Medium and low
Soil drainage/infiltration: Medium and poor
Soil water storage capacity: Medium and low

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 10-50 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 3% - 4% (mostly poor households below poverty line).
Off-farm income specification: men migrate temporarily or permanently to cities for off-farm income

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

注释:

traditional land use rights on fields, communal land on pasture and forest land

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	好
局地风暴	好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	好

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
缩短生长期	好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

注释:

There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology. With increasingly stronger winds and the accelerated degradation of the natural vegetation growing on sand dunes, it is very likely that the problems caused by shifting dunes will worsen in the future. Techniques to stabilise shifting sand dunes will therefore become more important.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Protection of infrastructure, cropland and rangeland
The palisades and vegetation used to stabilise sand dunes contribute to reducing wind erosion, and the shade that they provide lowers soil temperatures. The protection they provide for farmland and infrastructure can prevent extensive damage.
Once the surface of the dune has been stabilised with vegetation, the effect is lasting, provided that the area is not overgrazed.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Grazing restrictions may reduce animal production. Some projects fence off the sites with wire fencing to ensure that they are completely protected.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Good Practices in Soil and Water Conservation. A contribution to adaptation and farmers´ resilience towards climate change in the Sahel. Published by GIZ in 2012.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

http://agriwaterpedia.info/wiki/Main_Page