1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

CC-LandStraD - 德国

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Thünen Institute (Thünen Institute) - 德国

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Federal Institute for Research on Building, Urban Affairs and Spatial Development (BBSR) - 德国

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

28/07/2015

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

A scenario simulation of land use change where high-quality inner urban development is promoted, including the rehabilitation of brownfields, reuse of vacant lots, use of gaps between buildings and the improvement of existing structures.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The best means of reducing land loss by settlement and infrastructure development is through fulfilling inner urban development potential. This “compact settlement development” makes the most efficient use of space. Simultaneously it contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by the maintenance of farmland or forest areas on the outskirts of urban areas. One example is the rehabilitation and utilization of “brownfields”, including previous industrial areas. Another example is redevelopment of transportation infrastructure within settlements or on the urban fringe. However, the revitalization and utilization of brownfields is often expensive. Other aspects of inner urban development are the reuse of vacant lots, the use of spaces between buildings and the improvement of existing building structures by adding extra floors.

Purpose of the Technology: Through these developments, the rate of daily land consumption by settlement and transportation can be reduced. In Germany, such land loss reached 73 ha/day in 2010. According to a survey commissioned by the Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning, 20% of existing brownfields and vacant lots can be brought into use in the short term and another 50% of the total in the long term: 30% cannot be developed for various reasons including disputed tenure. The ambitious aim of the sustainability strategy of the German federal government is to reduce today’s daily land consumption for settlement and transport from the current 73 ha/day to 30 ha/day by 2020. However this appears unrealistic: nevertheless with high-quality inner urban development technology, this could be achieved by 2030. If the technology is planned and implemented through scenario simulation of sectoral land use changes in Germany (agriculture, forest and settlements), then calculations show that the daily land loss by settlement and transport could be reduced from 45 ha/day in a “business as usual” scenario (with some improvements assumed) to 30 ha/per day in 2030 by using high-quality inner urban development measures.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: During re-densification of urban areas sufficient green spaces must be protected to address climate change considerations such as higher temperatures and more runoff. High urban densities lead to an increase in the “heat island effect” (a combination of extensive urban/ suburban landscapes with reduced air circulation, little cloud cover and long periods of high temperature). Thus, the rehabilitation of brownfields has to go along with the transformation of impervious surfaces into permeable ones, and planning of corridors for air exchange by “green and blue climate corridors” (public parks, ponds and rivers). There are several initiatives to establish high quality inner urban development in Germany. These include: 1) “Inner before external” urban development within the Federal Building Law; 2) Many communities operating a brownfields and vacant lots cadastre; 3) General management of urban areas. Nevertheless, the reuse of inner city brownfields often requires considerable and costly remediation of contaminated sites. Due to the ownership issues of vacant lots, many are not easily accessible through municipalities, and this complicates their development. In other cases, available construction areas or buildings are not appropriate to the needs of investors.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

The technology documented here is a scenario simulation of land use change and not the realisation of a specific inner urban development project.

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Land use for settlement and transport leads to imperviousness, and a reduction of high quality agricultural areas. Sealed surfaces increase runoff during heavy rain events, and high building densities promote the development of urban heat islands.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): In fast-growing regions, high demand requires the supply of additional land for construction.

Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Other: Oo: Other: wastelands, deserts, glaciers, swamps, recreation areas, etc

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: not applicable

Constraints of settlement / urban: Data availability for locations of brownfields, vacant lots and vacancies

Constraints of infrastructure network (roads, railways, pipe lines, power lines): Data availability for locations of brownfields, vacant lots and vacancies

Constraints of recreation: Data availability for locations of brownfields, vacant lots and vacancies

Constraints of brownfields: Data availability for locations of brownfields, vacant lots and vacancies

如果由于技术的实施而导致土地用途发生变化，则在技术实施前说明土地利的用途。:

Other: Os: Settlements, infrastructure networks

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• Compact settlement development

3.5 技术传播

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 1590 m2.

Technology is the result of a scenario simulation fow whole Germany but is mapped in the Rhine region as an example.The technology does not document a specific inner urban development project and the region mapped is an example. In some German cities inner urban development is a common land management measure but the amount of current inner-urban development cannot be quantified. The potential is estimated as 120000 to 165000 ha.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: management measures

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Pu: loss of bio-productive function due to other activities

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Pk: sealing and crusting, Bh: loss of habitats, Bq: quantity / biomass decline

Main causes of degradation: urbanisation and infrastructure development

Secondary causes of degradation: population pressure, inputs and infrastructure: (roads, markets, distribution of water points, other, …), governance / institutional

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

注释:

Main goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Green and blue structure like parks, trees, alleys (green) and water areas like rivers, canals, ponds and lakes (blue) are relevant issues especially with respect to the climate adaptation

Technical knowledge required for scientific staff: high

Main technical functions: spatial arrangement and diversification of land use, reduces the loss of agricultural land and forests

Change of land use type: Brownfields are converted to settlement area. Agricultural area is conserved.

Change of land use practices / intensity level: Settlement density may increase with inner urban development.

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Data collection	管理	Half a year
2.	Implementation into the model and model calibration	管理	Half a year
3.	Model runs	管理	one month
4.	Evaluation	管理	one month
5.	Scenario development	管理

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Measures can be very different in terms of inputs and costs, and depend on the specific situation eg contaminated area of a former petrol station can have very high rehabilitation costs due to the need to detoxify the soil before new use. However other measures cost (effectively) no money at all eg legislation governing the reduction of the distance permitted between two new buildings by the local authorities.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Landforms: plateau / plains, hill slopes, valley floors (Not relevant for technology inner urban development)

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Difference in the involvement of women and men: Technology is not applied by land users. The technology is a scenario simulation, not a specific project of inner urban development.

Population density: 200-500 persons/km2

Annual population growth: < 0.5%

(Technology, which is a scenario simulation is not applied by land users.).

Off-farm income specification: not applicable

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）
• 个人

注释:

Land ownership: state, company, individual, not titled

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

其它生态影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	不好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	不好
局地风暴	未知

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	未知

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	未知

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
缩短生长期	好
	未知

注释:

A more intensive use of urban area through inner urban development leads also to an increase of impervious areas. These can addressed by urban blue and green corridors.

6.5 技术采用

注释:

No answer possible, since technology is a scenario simulation.
There is no trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Scenario simulations help to identify hot spots and can indicate regions where inner urban development should be pushed by public institutions. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Inner urban development is profitable if pressure on land is high but needs to be pushed also in regions with less pressure to protect soils, nature and climate.
Inner urban development can have positive impacts on climate adaptation How can they be sustained / enhanced? To reach positive impacts on climate adaptation issues it is necessary to establish green and blue climate corridors (e.g. network of urban greens established or optimized by re-vitalization of brownfields).
Inner urban development can rise the attractiveness of town (greater inner city mobility, compact town) How can they be sustained / enhanced? The technology improves inner-urban area development. For improvements to existing settlement areas, additional building activities (e.g. making buildings taller; concentrating housing) are possible. Side effects are a very concentrated settlement structure but with the advantage of reducing the sprawling out of settlements into agricultural land or wooded areas (i.e. outer development) and this saves GHG emissions and other ecosystem services ESS.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Nationwide simulation cannot indicate concrete lots where inner urban development should be pushed.	The technology has shown the potential for Germany as a whole, but implementation depends on local authorities.

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

www.cc-landstrad.de

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

www.bbsr.bund.de

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

www.cc-landstrad.de

标题/说明:

www.bbsr.bund.de